03 - Major Tranquilizers

Question 1

(Major Tranquilizers)

1-4. What are the four major classes?

Answer 1

1. tranquilizers
2. sedatives/hypnotics/antianxiety drugs
3. muscle relaxants/sedatives
4. aliphatic alcohols

Question 2

(Tranquilizers)

1. what three things are these known as?
2. why?
3. What are these used for in vet medicine?
4. What is primary advantage?

Answer 2

1. major tranquilizers, neuroleptics, antipsychotics
2. because they can alleviate shizo and affective disorders at levels that don’t produce sedation
3. sedatives or preanesthetics
4. produce sedation w/o hypnosis or marked ataxia

Question 3

(2. Sedative/Hypnotics or antianxiety drugs)
1. formerly called what?
2. used for what three things?
3. produce what at higher doses?

Answer 3

1. minor tranquilizers
2. depressenats, anticonvulsants, antianxiety
3. hypnosis

Question 4

(3. Muscle Relaxants/Sedative Drugs)
1. combination effect of these compounds makes them useful as what?

Answer 4

1. adjuncts to anesthesia

Question 5

(4. Alipathic Alcohols)
1. Important for what?

Answer 5

1. clinical use and as toxins

Question 6

Question 7

should know these

Answer 7

Question 8

(Major Tranquilizers)

1. used to treat what?
2. in neuroleptic analgesics…
3. cause muscle relaxation?

(minor tranquilizers)

4. used as what two things?

Answer 8

1. psychosis
2. not really
3. antianxiety drugs & muscle relaxants

Question 9

(common features of antipsychotic drugs)

(note: antipsychotic are types of major tranquilizers)

1-3. do what three things at low doses?

4. do what at high doses?

Answer 9

1. suppress spontaneous movements/complex behavior
2. suppress hallucinations/psychosis
3. spare spinal reflexes
4. induce catelepsis (rigid and unresponsive to stimuli)

(slide come from slide after this… not entirely sure what it is referring to)

Question 10

(Mechanisms)

(Major Tranquilizers)

1. act where?
2. also to small extent where at therapeutic dosages?

(minor tranquilizers)

1. primarily benzodiazepines, interact with what?

Answer 10

1. monoamine receptors (dopamine D2 and NE, also 5-HT)
2. muscarinic cholinergic (Ach)
3. specific benzodiazepine receptors in the GABA receptor complex

Question 11

not sure what to do with this

Answer 11

I’ll come back to it

she actually talked about this a decent amount

Question 12

(Classifation of major tranquilizers)

1-3. What are the three?

4. which tend to be antagonists… large or small molecules?

Answer 12

1. phenothiazines
2. butyrophenones
3. reserpine (only of historical interest)
4. large (small are agonists)

Question 13

(Phenothiazines - all in dog and cat)

1. all drugs in this class are chemically related to what?

(say which animals drug used in)

1. chloropromazine (Thorazine)
2. promethazine (Phenergan)
3. promazine (Sparine)

how potent compared to acepromazine?

4. acetylpromazine (acepromazine, aceprom)
5. trimeprazine (Temeril, panecytl)

Answer 13

1. phenothiazine (the anthelmintic)
2. cattle, swine, sheep
3. dog, cat
4. dog, cat

less potent than acepromazine

4. dog, cat, horse (widley used - good therapeutic ratio)
5. she doesn’t give any…