04 - Major Tranquilizers

Question 1

(Phenothiazines)

(combinations)

1. prochloroperazine (isopropamide - Darbazine)

does what?

2. trimeprazine (prednisolone - Temeril-P)

does what?

also. ..
3. immobilon (etorphine and acetylpromazine)
4. innovar-Vet (droperidol and fentanyl)

Answer 1

1. antianxiety/antiemetic + anticholinergic
2. antipruritic (anti-itch) + anti-inflammatory

Question 2

(Phenothiazines)

(Pharmacokinetics)

1. Lipid or water soluble? bound to protein?
2. accumulate where?
3. can they cross fetal membrane?
4. How are they eliminated?
5. What are metabolites excreted in?
6. Not used in what animals?
7. administration?

Answer 2

1. lipid-soluble; 90% protein-bound
2. brain and lung
3. yes
4. hepatic hydroxylation/conjugation with glucuronic acid
5. 50% bile/50% urine
6. food animals (withholding time)
7. oral or parenteral administration

(relaxed retractor penis muscle and nicitating membrane)

Question 3

(Pharmacological Actions of Phenothiazines)

(CNS)

(Antianxiety action)

1. inhibit what? causing what?

(Antiemetic action)

2. Act as antagonist where?
3. what kind of vomition does it prevent?
4. does it have an effect on motion sickness?

Answer 3

1. mesolimbic dopamine receptors; calming/taming effect
2. dopamine receptors in trigger zone (CTZ)
3. chemically induced (not GI induced)
4. yes

Question 4

(Pharmacological Actions of phenothiazines)

(CNS depression)

1. occur at what doses?
2. neuroleptics differ from usual sedatives… how?
3. Is animal easily aroused?
4. What effect in high doses?
5. Sedative like action - depressant effect in the brainstem reticular activating system… where drugs act as what?
6. get skeletal muscle relaxation - less or more that barbituates or benzodiazepines
7. no, analgesia, although potentiates effects of opitates in its use in neuroleptic analgesia

Answer 4

1. intermediate and high
2. less loss of motor activity
3. yes (briefly)
4. cataleptic effect (lack of response to external stimuli and muscular rigidity)
5. alpha NE antagonists

Question 5

(Pharmacological Actions of phenothiazines)

(thermoregulatory effects)

1. animals become what?

Answer 5

1. poikilothermic (temp varies)

Question 6

(Pharmacological Actions of phenothiazines)

(PNS)

(alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade causes:)

1. decreased or increase BP?
2. increased or decreased Epi-induced ventricular fibrillation?

(Anticholinergic Effects)

1. reduces or increases amout of atropine required in preanesthesia medication?

Answer 6

1. decrease (if try to reverse with epinephrine… death may result)
2. decreased (caused by halogenated general anesthetics)
3. reduces

Question 7

(Pharmacological Actions of phenothiazines)

(miscellaneous actions)

1. have antihistamine action?
2. Potentiates local anesthesia: contraindicated at co-administration causes what?
3. affects release of hypothalamic pituitary factors at ghigh doses
4. increases prolactin but decreases what and what?

Answer 7

1. maybe at high doses
2. arterial hypotension
3. FSH and LH