03_Communication&Interaction_ENGAGEMENT Flashcards
Open Space
-technique for running meetings where the participants create and manage the agenda themselves.
-Sessions can be for between five to 2000 plus people (providing you have a big enough venue).
-ideal if you want participants to gain ownership of an issue and come up with solutions.
What is a Planning Cell?
-Citizens can learn about, assess, and choose between multiple alternatives.
-“Microparliament”
-About 25 people from diverse backgrounds
What is a Coffee Klatch
An informal gathering, preferably at a neighbor’s house.
What is Participatory Rural Appraisal?
Techniques that allow for provision and analysis of information by the public
-Highly visual including creation of maps or picture cards
From an engagement standpoint, what is the best course of action for a complicated and controversial zoning case?
Hold community meetings in advance of any public hearing to allow the community to learn about the proposed project.
What are three evaluation design options for assessing the effectiveness and lessons learned from community engagement?
-Process
-Impact
-Outcome
An ideal public meeting considers:
-school and work hours
-location accessibility
-language barriers, AND three other things:
-means of present and future communication
- literacy challenges
- remote technologies
What type of survey has the lowest response rate?
SKIP THIS ONE
-You’re leading a visioning process early on in the planning process to encourage citizen involvement
-want to encourage everyone in the community to participate.
*To have a highly successful visioning process which of the following is critical?
Select one:
a. Child care for participants
b. Media involvement
c. Staff buy-in
d. Surveys people can complete
b. Media involvement
(encourage participation and publicize the ongoing effort)
-church located in a residential neighborhood is requesting a special use permit to allow for a second building on the site for a daycare center.
-neighborhood is strongly opposed
-Zoning Board of Adjustment suggests that the parties use:
Mediation
(-can occur with city staff or with an outside party
-allows each party to share their perspective on the issues)
What is the Delphi Method?
-Used to arrive at a group opinion or decision by surveying a panel of experts.
-Experts respond to several rounds of questionnaires
-Responses are aggregated and shared with the group after each round.
What are the benefits of a participatory approach?
-Buy-in
-Empowerment
-Evaluation capacity
-Input
When should process evaluation be conducted in the community engagement process?
At the beginning and throughout
Scenario
-You received a development application requiring a variance for an upscale apartment complex
-Proposed development would require the demolition of an existing Section 8 housing complex, and existing residents would be displaced.
Hearing before the Board of Zoning Adjustment has been announced in a newspaper with wide circulation.
*What additional actions would be most effective to engage the public?
-Notify neighborhood leaders
-Post a sign at the current apartment complex
Scenario
-You’re leading a comprehensive planning process.
-You organized a series of six public meetings across the city.
-Only three people attended the first one.
-You assess what you can do before the next meeting scheduled to ensure better turn out.
*What is the best tactic?
-Deploy an eye-catching flyer to be posted in public places
-Ask other groups to publicize the meeting announcement
What is the goal of a systematic random sample?
Everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected
If you select a number at random and then select every Xth person after that, what type of sampling would that be?
Systematic random sample
-Working on a safe routes to school planning process
-Want to engage both parents and students.
*Which engagement technique is best ?
Walk around survey
(Direct interaction with parents is the best choice)
What is a Samoan Circle?
-Interactions occur in small groups but can be witnessed by a larger group
-Inner circle of five to six chairs, rest of chairs set up in concentric outer circles
-Everyone is seated in the outer circles at first
-People who wish to speak move to the inner circle and return to their original seat after speaking
(allows for a small group experience by a larger group)
What is SARAR?
Self-esteem
Associative strength
Resourcefulness
Action planning, and
Responsibility
highly visual and accessible techniques designed for those who cannot read or write.
(e.g. pocket charts, three pile sorting, and picture stories with gaps)
Which social media sites would be most appropriate to use in a comprehensive planning process?
-Facebook
-Twitter
-Flickr
-Instagram
-Blogger
What is a key problem with telephone surveys?
They may not reach a representative sample
What is a plebiscite?
Direct vote on an issue.
What is a Beneficiary Assessment?
used to make sure that project beneficiaries can provide insights on how a project will affect them
-particularly used when engaging with the poor and those without political power.
-can include interviews, focus groups, and participant observations.
What is a charrette?
-participatory planning process
-assembles an interdisciplinary team
-team creates a design and implementation plan for a specific project.
-design-based.
-usually compressed into a short period of time
What is Computer-Aided Negotiation?
-Allows for models to be quickly developed
-Allows participants to search for alternatives that can best meet the needs of interested parties.
What is the Nominal Group Technique?
-Form of brainstorming that aids team participation.
-Stages in the technique include problem clarification, silent idea generation, round robin idea collection, grouping, and ranking.
What portion of mail surveys are typically returned?
Less than 20 percent
When possible, {blank} with residents would allow for a deeper understanding of how the existing vision, goals, and policies resonate with the public.
two-way communication
Scenario
-There is significant concern in the community over a redevelopment plan.
-A community meeting will be held to discuss the matter.
-You know that a vocal member of the community will be there to oppose the plan.
*What is the first thing you should do at the meeting?
start a conversation before the meeting formally begins (during welcoming time) to allow the person to get their frustration out privately.
{blank} can be introduced whenever the surveyor needs to interpret responses
Bias
Which of the following can be a problem in a charrette process?
a. Incomplete information
b. Not inviting key stakeholders
c. No commitment to an outcome
All
What kind of project is a charette best used for?
a visible design project that will impact people’s lives
Who would be an ideal first contact to solicit resident input into community planning?
Neighborhood political or social leader
What is the best way to resolve a conflict in the community?
Consensus building
What public participation tool is an essential as part of the SmartCode process?
Charrette
When engagin with seniors, which survey type is most likely to reach the resident and to receive a response?
Surveys are good for gaining a generalized understanding of community preferences. For a more comprehensive, in-depth understanding, {blank} would be a good approach.
interviewing neighborhood organizations
{blank} are aimed at intensive planning and design outcomes.
Charrettes
What kind of meeting is composed of a technical presentation by members of the Department and a group Q and A, with a transcript of the meeting recorded and saved in an official record?
Public hearing
What is a good tactic to employ when preparing for a contentious public meeting?
personally invite advocates and vocal residents to the meeting to build goodwill.
{blank} is required in the early states of preparing an EIS. A {blank} introduces the public to the project and the environmental issues.
Scoping; scoping meeting
What are the 3 Cs of public engagement?
-coalition building
-consensus building
-conflict resolution
What four characteristics does the visioning process entail?
-early citizen involvement
-impartial leadership
-all inclusive citizen participation
-heavy media involvement.
You are the Director of Planning
-updating comprehensive plan.
-Citizens’ Advisory Committee, which includes major stakeholders, is opposed to the creation of more affordable housing.
-You are upset with the committee’s lack of interest in this topic.
-You are responsible for preparing a staff report to the City Council on the comprehensive plan.
Which do you include in your report?
Advise the Council to direct the staff and committee to develop several affordable housing alternatives for consideration by the Council over the next three months.
(Planners are not robots. Simply passing along recommendations to the City Council is not an expected course of action. Planners use their professional judgment in matters such as affordable housing, and it is appropriate for the planning director to advise the City Council that affordable housing is a matter that needs to be considered.)
What tool was used to gain public feedback about the World Trade Center proposals developed by the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation?
Electronic town hall meeting
In a Message Pyramid the {blank} is on top?
Key message
What is the benenfit of the Nominal Group Technique?
allows everyone to share their ideas, but quickly come to an agreement on a solution.
{blank} is when participants look back over a period of time and create a visual map of direct or indirect impacts of community engagement.
Ripple Effect Mapping (REM)
What is keyboard accessibility?
keyboard commands set up to make it possible to navigate a site without having to strenuously focus and follow a mouse cursor across the screen.
Which three rungs of Sherry’s Arnstein’s Ladder of Participation are considered inclusive?
The top three rungs of the ladder constitute citizen power, and are considered inclusive planning processes
What is participatory budgeting?
When community members vote on capital budget priorities in their service area
You’re updating a comprehensive plan in a community where there is a high level of distrust of the planning process.
*What would be an effective strategy to try to overcome this?
Enlist the aid of experienced community organizers
Which is the most common technique used to resolve conflict?
Feedback and compromise
Why should planners support the use of social media in planning communication?
a. Everyone who has internet access can engage, and that can be equalizing
b. Planners can reach more people, especially if they use multiple social media platforms
d. Social media allows planners to communicate without a gatekeeper
All
City is creating additional parkland and open space.
To determine the best implementation method you are going to conduct interviews with residents.
City has a population of 5,000 and you plan to interview 50 people.
*Is this an appropriate sample size?
Yes, 1 percent is adequate.
(-Interviews are very time consuming, so a sample size of 1 percent is likely to be adequate.
-The key is to ensure the sample is random)
True or False: Telephone surveys are relatively cost effective
True
According to the Pew Research Center, the response rate of a typical telephone survey was {blank} in 1997 and was just {blank} in 2012.
36%; 9%
Scenario
you have been asked to organize the citizen participation process for a comprehensive plan update.
Which engagement scenario would be most effective to kick off the process?
Town hall meeting (can be used to identify key issues).
A public hearing is appropriate at the {blank} rather than the {blank} of a process.
end; beginning
When are open houses and focus groups most helpful: before or after the project has been initiated?
After
Scenario
-You work for a transportation agency
-Looking for ways to get feedback from the public on a proposed change to the city’s bus routes.
*Which of the following would not be effective for getting public feedback?
a. Phone interviews
b. Mailed surveys
c. A large public event
d. Feedback via digital communications
c. A large public event
(often not effective for getting community input)
