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[3Y1S] MT6318 > 02 LAB: HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION > Flashcards

02 LAB: HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION Flashcards

1
Q

The primary function of hemoglobin within the RBC is to ____

A

carry oxygen to and from the tissues

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2
Q

Hemoglobin is measured ___ or measured indirectly by converting it to compounds like ___, ___, ___, and ___

A

oxyhemoglobin
cyanmethemoglobin
acid hematin
alkali hematin
carboxyhemoglobin

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3
Q

Cyanmethemoglobin is also known as ___

A

Hemoglobin cyanide (HiCN method)

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4
Q

The reference method of hemoglobin measure according to CLSI

A

Cyanmethemoglobin method

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5
Q

The pigment in ___ is stable even in diluted solution

A

cyanmethemoglobin

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6
Q

T/F: cyanmethemoglobin standard is commercially available

A

T

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7
Q

Cyanmethemoglobin method measures all forms of hemoglobin except ___

A

sulfhemoglobin

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8
Q

The wavelength required for cyanmethemoglobin method

A

540 nm

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9
Q

In cyanmethemoglobin method, the blood is diluted in ___

A

alkaline drabkin solution

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10
Q

Components of Drabkin solution

A

Potassium ferricyanide
Potassium cyanide
Sodium bicarbonate
Surfactant (detergent)

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11
Q

This component of the Drabkin solution enhances the lysis of RBCs to free the hemoglobin

A

detergent

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12
Q

This component of the Drabkin solution decreases the turbidity caused by protein precipitates

A

detergent

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13
Q

In the cyanmethemoglobin method, Fe2+ (hemoglobin) is oxidized to Fe3+ (methemoglobin) by the ___

A

potassium ferricyanide

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14
Q

The ___ in Drabkin solution converts the methemoglobin to cyanmethemoglobin

A

potassium cyanide

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15
Q

The ___ in Drabkin solution provides stability in pH and enhances the conversion within 10 minutes

A

sodium bicarbonate

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16
Q

The ___ in Drabkin reagent enhances the conversion to 3 minutes

A

dihydrogen potassium phosphate

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17
Q

Reference range of hemoglobin in males

A

14-18 g/dL

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18
Q

Reference range of hemoglobin in females

A

12-15 g/dL

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19
Q

Reference range of hemoglobin in neonates

A

16.5-21.5 g/dL

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20
Q

Cyanmethemoglobin should be stored in ___ at ___ because it is ___

A

brown bottle
room temperature
sensitive to light

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21
Q

Another method that has been used in some automated instruments involves the use of ___ to convert hemoglobin to methemoglobin

A

Sodium lauryl sulfate

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22
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin takes ___ to convert to cyanmethemoglobin and could cause erroneous results in specimens from ___

A

1 hour
heavy smokers

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23
Q

When there is a high PLT count that causes a falsely elevated hemoglobin, what should be done?

A

reagent-specimen solution should be centrifuged and the supernatant measured

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24
Q

When there is lipemia that causes a falsely elevated hemoglobin, what should be the remedy?

A

Using a sample blank (0.01 mL plasma + 5 mL of cyanmethemoglobin reagent)

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25
Q

When there is a presence of Hemoglobin S and Hemoglobin C that causes a falsely elevated hemoglobin, what should be the remedy

A

Make a 1:2 dilution with distilled water (1 part specimen and 1 part water) then multiply the result by 2

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26
Q

When there is abnormal globulins that causes a falsely elevated hemoglobin, what should be done?

A

add 0.1g of potassium carbonate to the cyanmethemoglobin reagent

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27
Q

The acid hematin method involves the conversion of hemoglobin to acid hematin by using ___, wherein the yellowish-brown solution is compared to the color standard in the ___

A

0.1 N HCl
comparator black

28
Q

In the acid hematin method, the reading of the ___ meniscus is reported

A

lower

29
Q

The acid hematin method is also called as the “__”

A

Sali’s acid hematin method

30
Q

The alkali hematin method uses an alkaline solution, particularly ___ for hemoglobin determination, that produces a true and relatively stable solution of hematin

A

NaOH

31
Q

One of the disadvantages of the alkali hematin method is that the ___ is alkali-resistant

A

hemoglobin F

32
Q

The ___ method of hemoglobin determination is based on the principle of color compariso

A

tallquist or scale

33
Q

The ___ method of hemoglobin determination uses simple chart consisting of different degrees of redness to serve as a comparator

A

tallquist or scale

34
Q

In the tallquist method, hemoglobin is reported in terms of ___

A

percentage

35
Q

The tallquist or scale method has a percentage error of ___

A

30-50%

36
Q

Other method of hemoglobin determination:

A photometric determination of hemoglobin by measuring oxyhemoglobin

A

Sodium carbonate

37
Q

Other method of hemoglobin determination:

Simple and quick procedure but there is no possibility of preparing a stable oxyhemoglobin standard

A

Sodium carbonate

38
Q

Other method of hemoglobin determination:

Plus oxygen saturation as well as pulse rate is measured through the finger by attaching the photoelectric oxyhemoglobin monitor

A

Photoelectric oxyhemoglobin

39
Q

Other method of hemoglobin determination:

Not done as a routine examination

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

40
Q

Other method of hemoglobin determination:

Only performed when carbon monoxide poisoning is suspected

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

41
Q

Other method of hemoglobin determination:

Measures the amount of oxygen using a manometric apparatus

A

Van Slyke Oxygen Capacity

42
Q

In the Van Slyke Oxygen Capacity method, the level of hemoglobin is determined by ___

A

computation

43
Q

1 gram of hemoglobin is equal to ___ O2

A

1.34 mL

44
Q

Other method of hemoglobin determination:

Measures the amount of iron present

A

Kennedy’s method; Wong’s method

45
Q

Other method of hemoglobin determination:

Based on the fact that most of the iron is found in the red blood cell and combined with the hemoglobin molecule

A

Kennedy’s method; Wong’s method

46
Q

1 gram of hemoglobin is equal to ___ Fe2+

A

3.47 mg

47
Q

The copper sulfate method of hemoglobin determination is specific for ___

A

blood donors

48
Q

The specific gravity of blood

A

1.053

49
Q

Distance of the drop of blood to the solution in the copper sulfate method

A

1 cm

50
Q

In the copper sulfate method, the acceptable drop of blood should sink within ___

A

15 seconds

51
Q

In the copper sulfate method, if the drop of blood sank within 15 seconds, it has a hemoglobin measure of ___

A

> 12.5 g/dL

52
Q

This hemoglobin determination technique is used to detect abnormal hemoglobin or hemoglobinopathies

A

hemoglobin electrophoresis

53
Q

In hemoglobin electrophoresis, the pH of cellulose acetate is ___

A

8.2 to 8.6

54
Q

In hemoglobin electrophoresis, the pH of citrate agar is ___

A

6.2

55
Q

Cellulose acetate:

“crawl”

A

A2, C, E, O

56
Q

Cellulose acetate:

“slow”

A

S, D, G

57
Q

Cellulose acetate:

“fast”

A

F

58
Q

Cellulose acetate:

“accelerate”

A

A

59
Q

Cellulose acetate:

At the anode end

A

Bart’s

60
Q

Cellulose acetate:

Passes through the anode end

A

Hemoglobin H

61
Q

Citrate agar:

At the cathode end

A

F

62
Q

Citrate agar:

At the origin

A

O, D, G

63
Q

Citrate agar:

At the anode end

A

C

64
Q

Citrate agar:

Between the cathode and the origin

A

A, A2, E

65
Q

Citrate agar:

Between the origin and the anode

A

S

[3Y1S] MT6318 (16 decks)

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