01 LEC: Overview of Clinical Laboratory Hematology

Question 1

How many mL of blood do a normal human body has?

Answer 1

5L

Question 2

Identify the scientist and year:

Worms in the blood

Answer 2

Athanasius Kircher
1657

Question 3

Identify the scientist and year:

RBCs

Answer 3

Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1674

Question 4

Identify the scientist and year:

Platelets (petite plaques)

Answer 4

Giulio Bizzozero
1800

Question 5

Identify the scientist and year:

Wrights/Romanowsky stain

Answer 5

James Homer Wright
1902

Question 6

Size of RBC

Answer 6

6-8 um

Question 7

Increase in the presence of immature cells (particularly bands)

Answer 7

Left shift

Question 8

2 stains used in Wright stain (give whether they are basic or acidic)

Answer 8

Methylene blue (basic, stains acidic structures)

Eosin (acidic, stains basic structures)

Question 9

Components of the Drabkin reagent

Answer 9

Potassium cyanide + Potassium ferricyanide

Question 10

Drabkin reagent is used particularly to convert ___ (which part of the blood)

Answer 10

Hemoglobin

Question 11

When the Drabkin reagent is used, the hemoglobin is converted into ___

Answer 11

Cyanmethemoglobin

Question 12

The ratio of volume of packed RBCs to volume of whole blood

Answer 12

Hematocrit

Question 13

Most rare WBC

Answer 13

Basophils

Question 14

Normal value of hematocrit

Answer 14

50%

Question 15

Formula for hematocrit

Answer 15

(RBC)(MCV)

Question 16

Basophil granules are water ___ (sol/insol)

Answer 16

Soluble

Question 17

Formula for MCV

Answer 17

hct/RBC x 10

Question 18

Normal value of MCV

Answer 18

80-100 fL

Question 19

Formula for MCH

Answer 19

hgb/RBC x 10

Question 20

Normal value of MCH

Answer 20

26-32 pg

Question 21

Formula for MCHC

Answer 21

hgt/hct x 10

Question 22

Normal value of MCHC

Answer 22

32-36 g/dL or %

Question 23

MCH is ___ (more/less) accurate than MCHC

Answer 23

less (MCHC is more preferred in measuring hemoglobin)

Question 24

Formula for RDW

Answer 24

sd of RBC volume / mean cell volum

Question 25

Normal value of RDW

Answer 25

11.5-14.5%

Question 26

The variation in cell shape

Answer 26

Poikilocytosis

Question 27

The variation in cell sizes

Answer 27

Anisocytosis

Question 28

T/F: both poikilocytosis and anisocytosis can be examined using RBC parameters

Answer 28

F (only anisocytosis; poikilocytosis is examined through the PBS)

Question 29

T/F: monocytes are phagocytic

Answer 29

T

Question 30

Monocytes turn into ___ when they undergo diapedesis

Answer 30

Macrophage

Question 31

Product of fragmentation of megakaryocytes

Answer 31

Platelet

Question 32

Largest hematopoietic cells in bone marrow

Answer 32

Megakaryocytes

Question 33

Maintaining balance in order to reestablish blood flow by preventing bleeding through platelets and coagulation

Answer 33

Hemostasis

Question 34

RBC parameter:

Measures the size of the RBC

Answer 34

Mean cell volume (MCV)

Question 35

Loss of oxygen-carrying capacity of RBC

Answer 35

Anemia

Question 36

Hyperviscosity of blood due to increased RBC

Answer 36

Polycythemia

Question 37

A condition caused by chronic smoking or high altitude living due to decreased oxygen supply, causing increased RBC count

Answer 37

Secondary polycythemia

Question 38

Primary polycythemia is also called ___, which is due to malignancy

Answer 38

Polycythemia vera

Question 39

Used for manual counting of RBC

Answer 39

Hemacytometer

Question 40

The principle of automatic counting of RBC

Answer 40

Coulter Principle

Question 41

Size of platelets

Answer 41

2-4 um

Question 42

Automation principle of WBC counting

Answer 42

Optical scatter

Question 43

Optical scatter (forward/side scatter):

“right angle”, determine the internal complexity of the cell

Answer 43

Side scatter

Question 44

Optical scatter (forward/side scatter):

Detect cell size

Answer 44

Forward scatter

Question 45

Principle of hemoglobin detection

Answer 45

Spectrophotometry

Question 46

Hemoglobin is measured spectrophotometrically using what wavelength?

Answer 46

540 nm

Question 47

Less toxic alternative for Drabkin’s reagent

Answer 47

Sodium laurel sulfate

Question 48

Assess hemoglobin concentration in RBC

Answer 48

Mean cell hemoglobin concentration

Question 49

Lack of central pallor in the RBC

Answer 49

Spherocytic RBC

Question 50

A spherocytic RBC has a ___ (high/low) hemoglobin

Answer 50

high

Question 51

T/F: MCH is not used to classify leukemia and anemia anymore

Answer 51

T

Question 52

Coefficient of variation of the RBC volume

Answer 52

Red cell distribution and width (RDW)

Question 53

Polychromatophilic erythrocytes

Answer 53

Reticulocytes

Question 54

Indicative of bone marrow regeneration during blood loss and certain anemias

Answer 54

Reticulocytes

Question 55

A kind of staining used for reticulocytes

Answer 55

Supravital staining

Question 56

Stains used for supravital staining

Answer 56

Brilliant cresyl blue
New methylene blue
Crystal violet

Question 57

Identifies and quantifies populations of cells in a heterogenous sample

Answer 57

Flow cytometry

Question 58

Type of antigens present on the cell’s surface, nucleus, or cytoplasm that helps identify the lineage of cells using antibodies

Answer 58

Immunophenotyping

Question 59

Primarily defines a large set of the techniques that operate either with the entire genome or with specific targeted DNA sequence

Answer 59

Molecular cytogenetics

Question 60

The specific WBC that undergoes immunophenotyping

Answer 60

Lymphocytes

Question 61

Deals with chromosomes also known as karyotyping used for diagnosis of oncologic and hematologic disorders

Answer 61

Cytogenetics

Question 62

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