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equine-18-surgery > 01 - upper resp tract disorders > Flashcards

01 - upper resp tract disorders Flashcards

1
Q

(upper resp tract disorders)

(anatomy of the guttural pouch)

  1. each pouch has two compartments - separated by what?
  2. which pouch contains the internal carotid artery?

the external carotid artery?

A
  1. stylohyoid bone
  2. medial compartment

lateral compartment

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2
Q

(upper resp tract disorders)

(guttural pouch tympany)

  1. air trapped in guttural pouch - why?
  2. usually uni or bi?
  3. what age usually?
  4. Cx?
  5. dx?
A
  1. inflam/thickening of plica salpingopharyngea
  2. uni
  3. < 6 mo
  4. respiratory stridor, dyspnea, dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia (severe cases)
  5. endoscopy, radio
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3
Q

(upper resp tract disorders)

(guttural pouch tympany)

  1. tx?
A
  1. polonged catheterization and abx

if unilateral, surgical fenestration of medial septum of affected pouch into normal pouch

or create a fistula (new pharyngeal opening)

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4
Q

(upper resp tract disorders)

(guttural pouch tympany)

  1. prog?
A
  1. good for sx treated uni

worse if bi

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5
Q

(upper resp tract disorders)

(guttural pouch empyema)

  1. usually secondary to what?
  2. can see formation of what with chronic infections?
  3. typically what age of horse?
A
  1. bacterial infection (strep equi equi, strep equi zooepidemicus)
    (other: middle ear infections, stylohyoid fracture, pharyngeal trauma)
  2. chondroids
  3. younger
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6
Q

(upper resp tract disorders)

(guttural pouch empyema)

A
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7
Q

(upper resp tract disorders)

(guttural pouch empyema)

(tx)

  1. lavage of guttural pouches through nasal passage
  2. also do what?
A
  1. surgical opening of guttural pouches
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8
Q

(upper resp tract disorders)

(guttural pouch empyema)

  1. prog?
  2. possible complications?
A
  1. good
  2. aspiration pneumonia (lavage fluid)

if retropharyngeal LN also large, obstruction of upper airway may require tracheotomy to allow horse to breathe

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9
Q

(upper resp tract disorders)

(guttural pouch mycosis)

  1. usually due to what fungus?
  2. adults horses, any breed - uni or bi usually?
  3. if it erodes through mucosa can cause what?
A
  1. aspergillus
  2. uni
  3. affects blood vessels and nerves
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10
Q

(upper resp tract disorders)

(guttural pouch mycosis)

  1. what is the hallmark sign?
A
  1. epistaxis

(source usually internal carotid artery)

(also nasal discharge, dysphagia, facial paralysis, laryngeal paralysis, head shaking, blindness)

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11
Q

(upper resp tract disorders)

(guttural pouch mycosis)

  1. dx?
A
  1. CBC (leukocytosis, anemia)

endoscopy (blood around guttural pouch, diptheric plaque)

radio (fluid in guttural pouch)

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12
Q

(upper resp tract disorders)

(guttural pouch mycosis)

(tx)

  1. medical?
  2. sx?
A
  1. systemic/topical antigfungals -> may not cure and while treating potential risk of fatal hemorrhage from erosion into vessels
  2. ligation of affected vessels

(ICA if medial, ECA if lateral)

might not stop bleeding cause of retrograde flow of blood

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13
Q

(upper resp tract disorders)

(guttural pouch mycosis)

A
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14
Q

(upper resp tract disorders)

(Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy)

1.

A
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15
Q

(diseases of the epiglottis)

(epiglottic hypoplasia)

  1. occurs in what kinds of horses?
  2. Cx of poor performance
  3. Dx?
  4. tx?
  5. prog?
A
  1. racing thoroughbreds (cause of shortened epiglottis)
  2. endoscope or radio
  3. epiglottic augmentation

(injection of teflon on ventral surface)

  1. 65% success with tx
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16
Q

diseases of the epiglottis)

(epiglottic entrapment)

  1. what happens?
  2. Cx?
  3. dx?
  4. tx options?
  5. prog?
A
  1. epligottis entrapped by redundant aryepiglottic fold -> fold obstructs airflow during expiration -> ex intol
  2. ex intol, coughing, resp stridor (exp), dysphagia, nasal discharge
  3. endoscopy
  4. antiinflammatories and rest

transection or resection of aryepiglottic fold

  1. good (unless chronic changes to epiglottis)
17
Q

(diseases of the epiglottis)

(epiglottic cyst)

1.

A
18
Q

(disorders of the larynx)

1.

A
19
Q

(disorders of the larynx)

(laryngeal hemiplegia)

(etio and signalment)

  1. caused by irreversible damage to what nerve?
  2. caused by what?
  3. results in what?
  4. common in large horses (draft horses, warmbloods, and thoroughbreds)
A
  1. recurrent laryngeal nerve (dysfx of cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle -> can’t abduct corniculate process or arytenoid)
  2. idiopathic or… perivascular injection, LN abscess, guttural pouch dz

(95% of cases are left sided and idiopathic)

  1. ex intol and resp stridor (roaring)
20
Q

(disorders of the larynx)

(laryngeal hemiplegia)

  1. dx how?
A
  1. endoscopy
21
Q

(disorders of the larynx)

(laryngeal hemiplegia)

A
22
Q

(disorders of the larynx)

(arytenoid chondrosis)

A

…seal during swallowing and increased risk of aspiration

23
Q
A

equine-18-surgery (13 decks)

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