腎系病證 Flashcards

1
Q

辨陽水、陰水

A

陽水多由風邪、疮毒、水湿引起。发病较急,每成于数日之间,肿多由面目开始,自上而下,繼及全身,腫處皮膚繃急光亮,按之凹陷,旋即復起,兼有風寒、風熱等表證,病在肺、脾,屬表證、實證,一般病程較短。
陰水多為飲食勞倦、先天或後天因素導致的臟腑虧損引起。起病緩慢,腫多由足踝開始,自下而上,繼及全身,腫處皮膚鬆弛,按之凹陷不易恢复,甚则按之如泥,属里证、虚证或虚实夹杂证,病在脾、肾,一般病程较长。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

水湿浸渍證(陽水)的代表方

A

代表方:五皮饮合胃苓汤加减。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

淋證的病機

A

湿热蕴结下焦,肾与膀胱气化不利

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

淋证与癃闭

A

二者都有小便量少,排尿困难之症状,但淋证尿频而尿痛,且每日排尿总量多为正常,癃闭则无尿痛,每日排尿量少于正常,严重时差至無尿。诚如《医学心悟·小便不通》所说:「癃闭与淋证不同,淋则便数而茎痛,癃闭则小便点滴而难出。」但癃闭复感湿热,常可并发淋证,而淋证日久不愈,亦可发展成癃闭。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

淋证分類、治法、代表方

A
①	熱淋
治法:清熱利濕通淋
代表方:八正散加減
②	石淋
治法:清熱利濕,排石通淋
代表方:石韋散加減
③	血淋
治法:清熱通淋,涼血止血
代表方:小薊飲子加減
④	氣淋
治法:理氣疏導,通淋利尿
代表方:沉香散加減
⑤	膏淋
治法:清熱利濕,分清泄濁
代表方:程氏萆薢分清飲加減
⑥	勞淋
治法:補脾益腎
代表方:無比山藥丸加減
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

癃閉的基本病機+與三焦關係

A

腎與膀胱氣化功能失調,尿液的生成或排泄障礙。
 正常人體小便的形成與排泄,主要依靠肺的通调、脾的转输、肝的疏泄、肾与膀胱的氣化功能來調節。肺居上焦、為水之上源;脾居中焦,为水液升降之枢纽;腎居下焦,與膀胱相表裡,主氣化,共司小便;肝主疏泄,协调三焦气机之通畅。若某一脏腑失職,尿液的生成或排泄障碍,则形成癃闭。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

癃閉的分類的實證:

A

1、膀胱湿热证
2、肺热壅盛证
3、肝郁气滞证
4、浊瘀阻塞证

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

咳血: 胃热壅盛證的代表方

A

瀉心汤合十灰散加减。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

症状:尿频量多,混浊如脂膏,或尿甜,腰膝酸软,乏力,头晕耳鸣,口干唇燥,皮肤干燥,瘙痒,舌红苔少,脉细数。

A

消渴-下消-腎陰虧虛證

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly