文法 Flashcards
suggest (that) he (should) go
suggest to him to go
search me
口語：我不知道
see eye to eye (to each other)
同意
He left the church, helpless and hopeless.
他離開教堂
無助且無望
a company that is required by…
子句修飾較Vpp好
否定副詞 on no account in no way by no means under no circumstance(s)
never絕不
only when we … can we know….
倒裝
Not until we lose health can we know…
否定副詞
only
merely
僅
not only…but also
not merely…but also
否定副詞
little
seldom
a little 是adj
neither 倒裝 nor 倒裝
she doesn’t accept the advice nor does she appear to listen to it
兩邊都倒裝
no sooner倒裝 …than 不倒裝
hardly 倒裝. when
scarcely…before
一、就…
no sooner had i arrived than it began to rain一到就下雨
not only should we work hard, but we should V (as well)
not only v s , s v as well
only rarely did he carry a grudge
從未有恨
because 較佳
for語意多
連接詞子句語意清楚
such fine weather
不可用so(皆可數）
such不可數/複數
mammoth
adj龐大的
n長毛象
He can’t swim, and neither can I
and. conj
neither. adv
He is not honest and she is not ,either
He is not honest and neither/nor is she.
i don’t have a scooter and john doesn’t either
不可用too
SVC=>CVS
Here comes the bus
Human existence depends on nature
->On nature depends human existence
Here it comes.
Out rushes the boys
Here they go.
in your hands and those of your contemporaries lies the future
the future lies in …
stay outdoors/upstairs/downtown
地方副詞：度量衡、方向
lie in座落於
lie south of…方向是地方副詞（不加介
the ancient ruins lie South of Gallup
不可加in
South of … lie the ancient ruins
out went the two boys
地方adv
lie four miles off the southern coast
強調前移的倒裝
all that he likes I like
->I likes all that…
SVOC->SVCO
X-rays make materials visible
X-rays make visible materials that..
強調前移的倒裝
though he is old
old as he is,he is strong
though she is a girl
Girl as she is(不可加a)
My parents,________,spared no expense
A illiterate as they were
B being illiterate as they
A
強調前移的倒裝
There is a way, where there is a will.
where there is a will,there is a way
different + plN
diverse (adj)
diversified
divergent
various (adj)
varying
varied
a variety of Ns
a myriad of
all types of Ns
all kinds of
all sorts of
assorted
classified
sundry
miscellaneous**
heterogeneous
kaleidoscopic
(kal-kind)
diverse
diversified
有adj優先用adj
generate electricity
發電
heterogeneous
miscellaneous 各式各樣的
we grant him freedom
he is granted freedom
沒有with!!!!!!
授予動詞被動要小心
he consider o oc
o is considered oc
沒有as!!!!
S V O1 O2
相等的名詞是補語
不相等的是 受詞
we elected him chairman
chairman=him相等-chairman是補語
chairman 頭銜不加a the s
we gave him a pen
him==a pen～》是受詞
4.授予動詞 +N大 +N小
He cook me a meal
若名詞不是大 小-加介詞
he cooks a meal for me
(背授予的介詞）
he gave a pen to me
——–cf 不是 授予動詞
she introduces me to John
she introduces me to literature
she introduces literature to me (X)
introduce的用法-introduces 人to物/人
5.S V O OC
he makes everyone happy by smile
happy 修飾everyone
c
we elected him chairman
s. v. o. c.
chairman=him 補語
he makes everyone happy
s. v. o. c
happy 修飾everyone 補語
1.adj +N(大部份）
例外：後衛修飾 something + adj anything anybody nobody everyone
N+ a開頭adj
his trip alone(一人的旅行） to…attracts…
adv ：動詞前
will never leave
無結構adv ph 背
the world over
all across the world
throughout the world
AIDS spreads the world over
the house (to let) is haunted 要出租的房子有鬼
關代=conj+s 人 who(主格） whom(受格） whose(所有格）
物
which(主/受）
whose(所有）
He is the boy
the boy runs away
-He is the boy who runs away
the boy running away.
(A) He is the boy whom I hate
(B) He is the boy I hate
ans: A
有conj 優先選（語意清晰）
關代前不加the
This is the house which I live in.
this is the house in which I live
where I live
介+N
that(關代）前不加 介詞
～》例外：in that 因為
write a story+ with…
his life is a story which we can write into a novel _____.
with!!!!
be accustomed to Ving
accustomed oneself to Ving
習慣於
the temple is built in the place where there used to be a Catholic church
the temple is built where there….
there不可省
the +時代
the Iron Age
he controls 500 people,
all of whom obey …
主詞 介 O
受詞關代前是主詞 必加”，”
of +whom. all
all of them…
all of the 500人
all of whom….
Industrial Revolution has caused damages,
some of which are detrimental to human existence .
some (of which) are …..
s. 介 O+conj v
damages
關代與 ， （不可省）
1. ， 後關代SV 關代不可省
where is the present, which you bought
2.專有名詞後/修飾前方句子
Rico, which is an island, is…
- ,表全部 僅有
he has three daughters, who are teachers
三個都是老師
4.關代前有主詞
the chief controls
500 people, all of whom obey…
S. 關代（O+conj) V
關代與 ，
1. ， 後關代SV 關代不可省
where is the present, which you bought
2.專有名詞後
Rico, which is an island, is…
- ,表全部 僅有
he has three daughters, who are teachers
三個都是老師
4.關代前有主詞
the chief controls
500 people, all of whom obey…
S. 關代（O+conj) V
無生命字不可 ‘s
(例外：日月 星辰 國家）
the price of the book
the book’s price (X)
I bought
a book, the price of which was high (關代前有S –逗號不可省）
a book, whose price was high
(只買一本）
the most spectacular of which…is..
of前 是主詞
her garden was a place ______
great inspiration for her poem.
A. that she drew
B. from which she drew
C. by drawing her
D. drawing from which
ans:B
it is impossible
for me to marry you (最佳）
marrying you (x)
to marry you is impossible for me
marrying you is impossible for me
to v
Ving 當名詞
collect + plN s
主詞尚未完成 用to V
his dream is becoming a doctor (x)
his dream is to become a doctor ambition intent/intention 企圖 purpose goal objective reason function destination
the Internet
the ne
必加s
the Internet
I am interested in history
to learn history
to hear the news
人 delight in
=be delighted with/at
take delight in
take pleasure in
主被皆可
be disappointed with /in 人
be disappointed about/at事
be bored to death煩死
bore oneself to death
be annoyed with/by人for事
be embarrassed by N不好意思
humiliated
mortified
abashed
while ving, S V
後方才是主詞
I am dressed in blue
I am qualified with
to v
He is concerned about/with air pollution 擔心、關心
The girl [ dressed in blue ] is Mary.
用分詞當adj修飾前方名詞
the applicants are granted jobs
不加with!!!!!
the car was found abandoned
the driver accelerated and ___ the competition
A. was qualified for
vi 永遠主動
(沒有vpp)
失蹤vi ：missing people
失蹤人口
the books lying the floor are mine
lie (vi)
a person suffering from sunburn must…
vi 永遠主動
(沒有vpp)
失蹤vi ：missing people
失蹤人口
the books lying the floor are mine
lie (vi)
a person suffering from sunburn must…
S+連綴V + N(=S)/adj
She looks a rich woman.像
She looks like a rich woman.(口語）
**V後+Adj 的：be/連綴V She looks beautiful.(連綴V無被動） -例外：prove It is prohibited by law to mail (through parcel post) any merchandise that might \_\_\_ dangerous in transport. A. prove B. be proved
ANS: A B皆可
She looks ____ a rich woman.像
（不是look at!!!
looks（正式）=looks like（口語）
S+連綴V + Adj/N(=S)
she looks beautiful.看起來=似乎
seems
appears*
連綴動詞後才會是adj/ The battery goes . He goes 變成 His dream comes . （物）變成 真
cf_一般動詞後接adv
一個單字有不同句型（五大）
有不同語意
appear～
1.一般V（ vi)出現
she appears in my party.
\_\_\_ appeared a smile on her face.
A. There. B. She. (A)
appear 出現vi 不接受詞
倒裝句-a smile appeared on her face
補虛主詞there
2.連綴V
She appears beautiful
> > She appears ____.
——rich(表前面是連綴）似乎有錢
——unexpectedly (表前面Vi)突然出現
連綴動詞 He remains \_\_\_\_\_.B A. silence B. silent He=/=silence 連綴動詞表前後名詞相等 把動詞換成has～知前後N是否相等 換後語意順表 不同N
He stays _____.
health by exercise .
healthy.
Death penalty is ___ .
A. controversial
B. controversy
ANS: A
死刑=/=爭議
（death penalty has controversy)
前後名詞不等，不能用連綴V
The house smells \_\_\_\_. B A. paint (N1不等於N2) B. of paint smell of paint =smell like paint(連綴V+adj)
not only A but also B
高級平行
相同也不能省!
and but or than as相同才可省
No +單N _____….
No+ plN _____….
No +單N _____….is
No+ plN _____….are!!!!!!
since no fumes are detected…
連綴動詞
1.頭部 look smell taste sound feel
2.與look同義
seem
appear
3.變化的變
become
turn
grow
come
go
get
4.不變（維持） keep remain prove stay
stay
一般V-留下
連綴V-保持
make a speech
make speeches
演講
a/s不可省
He married young.
連綴V, young 修飾 he
He died a hero.
he=hero
get mad at
get sb to Vrt get 物 Vpp He gets sb to paint his house He gets his house painted 受詞-被動用Vpp
get mad at
get sb to Vrt get 物 Vpp He gets sb to paint his house He gets his house painted 受詞-被動用Vpp
阻擋O from Ving *prevent O from Ving deter inhibit (妨礙） prohibit/ban(法）禁止 impede shelter refrain restrain hinder
forbid O to V
禁止O 做..
*prevent us from going …
prevent our going…
[prevent o from ving]
[prevent Ving]
The house smells \_\_\_\_. B A. paint (N1不等於N2) B. of paint smell of paint =smell like paint(連綴V+adj)
前後不相等的N間 :用of
the cake tastes ____.
A. ammonia
B. of ammonia
the man smells ____
A. wine
B. of wine
B!!!
the job is very important
the job is of critical importance.
paramount importance
of +N}=adj
sth is of (medical) significance
=sth is significant (in medicine)
the+ 海峽
海灣 運河 河流
the Taiwan Strait
要+the!!!
the+ 海峽
海灣 運河 河流
the Taiwan Strait
Banking is ____ ancient origin.
A. X
B. of
ans: B
金融業=/=悠久歷史
金融業 有 悠久歷史
美味的tasty
palatable
delectable
delicious
有鑑賞力的(有品味）
tasteful
我建議你別買
—》英文：我不建議你買…
S don’t consider that S V
think
I don’t consider going 不考慮去..
consider +Ving！
*建議v. consider + ving
1.體貼的considerate
be considerate of N
thoughtful 體貼
對我情緒很體貼
be considerate of my feeling
2.龐大的considerable considerable impact on.. enormous tremendous gigantic mammoth
his oral skills have attained considerable perfection
大量完美
辯才無礙
1.渴望-ous
be desirous for/of N
anxious
zealous
2.必需
desirable
necessary
Ladybugs are ____ in the garden.
A. desirable
B. desirous
Ans: A必需的
瓢蟲吃蚜蟲aphids 所以在園中是必須
interest利益 利息cn It is \_\_\_ your nation's interest that S V A. of B. to C. against D. on
Ans: B
為了你國家的利益
to your nation’s interest
1.be interested in有興趣的
2. be uninterested in冷漠的
=be indifferent to
lukewarm
callous
apathetic
=be aloof from
detached
3.公平
be impartial to…
be disinterested to…
對…偏心/偏見
be partial to
=have prejudice against
bias
公平
be impartial to…
be disinterested to…
1.be interested in有興趣的
2. be uninterested in冷漠的
=be indifferent to
lukewarm
callous
apathetic
=be aloof from
detached
3.公平
be impartial to…
be disinterested to…
It turned out that Polly was disinterested in learning how to cross-stitch.
(x)
uninterested 不感興趣
前後用的介詞不同，不能省!
I was interested and astounded by the story.(x)
was interested in and
astounded by the story.
經濟
economy 經濟N
economics 經濟學
economic affair經濟事務
be economical of…節儉的
frugal
thrifty
經濟
economy 經濟N
economics 經濟學
economic affair經濟事務
be economical of…節儉的
frugal
thrifty
vegetables in season
當季水果
節儉的顧客
a frugal buyer
effectual有藥效的（專指藥）
quinine is an effectual preventive
*effective 有效的（方法）
不能用在人
*efficient有效的（效率）
efficient teacher
competent
capable
energy-efficient rate（能源效率）
capable+人
disabled+人。殘障人
able to(不能形容人）
industrial 工業上的
industrious 勤奮的
diligent
assiduous
sedulous
succeed to Vrt/N繼承
succeed in N 繼承
success (n)成功
succeed (v)
successive (adj)連續的
consecutive 5 days (of) rain
S Vi +介 N
He died of cancer
S Vi +to Vrt表目的
He came to save him
S Vt N/to Vrt(注意動詞及物與否） to V可以是 adv/n He wants to leave early I will contact you. 沒with!! I consider leaving early.
再有動作用VPP VING s stand 分 sit lie she lies smiling at me
I am in lack of
in want of
in need of
short of
I am lacking in moneyS V Prep N
(C)
be sure of N 有自信
she is sure of success
be sure to V 一定會…
he is sure to succeed
分辨及物/不及物動詞
才知後面是
1.介+N
2. O
arrive at the library
reach the library
I lack of money (x)
I lack money
I am in lack of money
in want of
in short of/in shortage of (x)
short of
=of importance 的句型
I am lacking in money.
c.
lack sth
be lacking in sth
be in lack of sth
be lacking in sth
c. (. )
平行
- and but or than as相同可省
- 其他皆不可省
鞥.
rather than
介-I ,rather than you ,should leave
,instead of you ,
助-rather than Vrt寧願
助-had better Vrt最好
+子句-rather than 假設語氣 寧願
had better s v
+子句-rather than 假設語氣 寧願
had better s v
助-rather than Vrt寧願
助-had better Vrt最好
vi 介 N
介 跟著V~>狄克森片語180CH4
也能是依照N
depend on
Happiness consists in contentment
function under pressure
以人為主
killer hurricane
communist China
capitalist Taiwan
平行（不嚴謹）and but or 相同字 可省 I can sing and dance adj ,(and) adj N adj ,adj and adj
To Vrt is… and _____.
A. To V is…
B. Ving is…
ANS: A
S V … to Vrt, to Vrt, and to Vrt.
習慣上：第2、3個to可以省
但最好不要省
—》S V1 to Vrt, V2, and V3（造成句意誤會）不好！
generate electricity 發電
generate seeds發芽
generate opinions 發表意見
deliver frontier justice 維護邊疆正義
美國學生students in the United States
養家活口support their families
癌症被抑制cancer growth is arrested
commodity cn商品
merchandise un
商品佔有率attending a market share
means 方法手段（必s)pl sing
區分動名詞or 1.Driving lessons \_\_\_ boring 2.Driving cars \_\_\_ interesting are is
2.drive vt 受詞是car～》動詞當名詞用
Ving=S=driving is
有受詞才是動名詞 才是單數主詞
1.但是不會用lesson當受詞，所以是分詞修飾lesson
分詞只是形容詞
分詞Ving == 動名詞（後應有受詞N)
形容詞。 主詞
I object to constructing the bridge
the construction of the bridge
(不能用the constructing of..)
有名詞用名詞 不要用Ving
the building of the dam
building the dam
平行than(前後S)
he is taller than I
His head is bigger
than an ox’s
the head of an ox
that of an ox
His eyes are smaller
than a mouse ‘s
the eyes of a mouse
_____ of a mouse
A. these
B. those
ans: B
between you and ___ ,the job is done
A. I
B. me
ans:B介+受
both you and___ are to be blamed
A. I
B. me
Ans: A(主詞➕動詞）
跟後面主詞：
neither ..nor
either…or
not only ..but also..
跟肯定的： not you but I \_\_\_ A. am B.are ans: a
conj
and yet =but
and thus=因此
and then然後
many believe
人=many
Much has been discussed
事=much
All cannot be singers
=Not all can be singers
並非全部可當歌星（先看肯定）
=everyone cannot be a singer
Not everyone can be a singer
Both of her parents are not dead
=one of her parents are dead
他的兩個雙親沒死（x)
他的雙親其中一個死
部份否定all
every
both
tariff關稅（官方用）
custom
tariff
could可以（客氣）
would願意/（最客氣）
should應該 /居然
might可能
must過去式=ought to Vrt
had to
can-be able to vrt
will
shall
must
S have hair dyed/styled/cut
moustache鬍子
beard
染髮 剪鬍
洗照片
have film developed/printed
picture
S have sth removed
in the eastern
the!!
satire
irony
n.諷刺
satirical
satirize
not only v s c
was the Canal an engineering triumph,
it proved a financial success as well
as welll
adv
1700times
as much space as…
as much space as
the water from which it comes
