地形地貌

Question 1

arroyo / brook / creek / rivulet / stream

Answer 1

You can step over a brook, jump over a creek, wade over a stream
Rivulet: small stream / brook
Arroyo: dry stream bed

Question 2

canyon / ravine / gully / gorge / gulch

Answer 2

Gulch usually bigger than gully, deep V-shape formed by erosion
Gorge is part of a canyon: deep valley between cliffs
Ravine: small valley by stream-cutting erosion

Question 3

crater

Answer 3

a bowl-shaped cavity / a pit made by an exploding bomb

Question 4

cape

Answer 4

a cloak / 海角

Question 5

crest

Answer 5

top of a hill or wave / showy feathers on the head of a bird

Question 6

eddy

Answer 6

little whirlpool / whirlwind

Question 7

fluvial

Answer 7

河流的 flu(流)+vial

Question 8

ford

Answer 8

a shallow place in water where you can wade

V. to cross by wade

Question 9

geyser

Answer 9

a spring from which columns of boiling water and steam gush into the air at intervals

Question 10

grotto

Answer 10

small cave

Question 11

insular (反)

Answer 11

insul(岛) + ar
narrow-minded
反：cosmopolitan

Question 12

cosmopolitan (反)

Answer 12

世界主义／心胸宽广

反：insular

Question 13

isthmus

Answer 13

a narrow strip of land

Question 14

marine / maritime

Answer 14

海中的 ／ 沿海的，海上的

Question 15

marsh

Answer 15

swamp

Question 16

mesa

Answer 16

a land formation having steep wells and a relative flat top

Question 17

mire (反)

Answer 17

marsh / a troublesome situation /
V. to harmer or hold back as if by mire
反： extricate

Question 18

oasis

Answer 18

a fertile place in desert

Question 19

peninsula

Answer 19

a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides

Question 20

pinnacle

Answer 20

spire / a lofty peak

Question 21

precipice

Answer 21

pre + cip(落下) + pice = 悬崖

= crag

Question 22

ridge

Answer 22

脊

Question 23

shoal (反)

Answer 23

a sandbank where the water is shallow

反： deep

Question 24

strait

Answer 24

海峡 like isthmus

Question 25

stratum

Answer 25

地层；社会阶级

复：strata

Question 26

swamp

Answer 26

mire / marsh / morass

Question 27

whirlpool

Answer 27

eddy

Question 28

cascade

Answer 28

small waterfall

Question 29

crag

Answer 29

precipice

Question 30

estuary

Answer 30

三角湾；河口

Question 31

knoll

Answer 31

a hillock; mound

Question 32

lagoon

Answer 32

shallow body of water of lake near a sea

Question 33

moor

Answer 33

open uncultivated land

V. to hold a ship in a place

Question 34

morass

Answer 34

marsh / mire

v. 陷入困境

Question 35

quagmire

Answer 35

quag and mire are all marsh

Question 36

scrap

Answer 36

precipice / crag

Question 37

tundra

Answer 37

冻苔／苔原