Zoonotic Pig Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What are the zoonotic parasites of pigs?

What are the protozoa found in pigs?

What mite and lice are found in pigs?

A

Zoonotic-
Trichinella spiralis
Taenia solium
Balantidum coli

Protozoa- Cystoisospora suis

Mite- sarcoptes scabei

Louse- haematopinus

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2
Q

How many species and genotypes of trichinella sp are there?
What are the 2 groups?

What species is the main aetiological agent of trichinosis?

Where is it found in the UK?

A

10 species and 3 genotypes
2 groups- encapsulated/cysts and non-encapsulates

Trichinella spiralis is the main aetiological agent of trichinosis

Eradicated from the UK- meat still inspected

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3
Q

What parasite is this?

What stage is it?

A

Female adult Trichinella spiralis

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4
Q

What is unusual about trichinella spiralis life cycle?

A

‘intracellular nematode’

No eggs or larvae in faeces

Females are larviparous- live larvae
L1- NBL

Infective stage- L1- muscle larvae

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5
Q

Describe the life cycle of trichinella spiralis

A
  • Encysted larvae ingested
  • Rapid development- L1 to adults (L5) in small intestine
  • NBL (L1) born, migrate in blood and lymphatic system to skeletal muscle, invade muscle cell = muscle larvae
  • Forms a nurse cell- muscle cell infected by a single ML- L1 grows and develops but does not moult, remains viable for several years
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6
Q

How are humans infected, what are the main sources?

What are the symptoms?
What about severe cases?

How is it diagnosed and treated?

A

Infection by the consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated meat

Sources- Pigs, Horses, Game meat

Typical symptoms- abdominal pain, diarrhoea, fever, chills, peri-orbital oedema
Severe cases- myocarditis, encephalitis, secondary infectious- death

Diagnosis- serum ELISA or muscle biopsy

Treatment- albendazole/mebendazole
Once larvae established treatment may not eliminate- symptoms treated

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7
Q

How is trichinella spp diagnosed and controlled in piggies?

A

All breeding pigs, and pigs tested at slaughter

APHA- diagnostic testing services for wild boar

Diagnosis-
Microscopic examination of biopsy samples
Identification of larvae digested from muscle tissue using HCL-pepsin

Control-
Wildlife are important reservoirs
Cooking meat

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8
Q

What parasite is the ‘Pork tapeworm’?

Where is it found in the world?

A

Taenia solium

Not in the UK- latin america, south-east asia, sub-haran africa

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9
Q

What are the routes of infection in people of Taenia solium?

What are the symptoms in humans?

Why is the disease associated with poor sanitation?

A

ROI- ingesting cysts in undercooked pork, ingesting eggs

Symptoms- ingestion of cysts
Abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhoea or constipation

Symptoms- ingestion of eggs
Cysts in muscle- no symptoms
Cysts in nervous system- neurocysitcercosis- focal epilepsy and the likes

Humans are definitive host therefore Pigs need access to human faeces

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10
Q

What is balantidium coli and where is it found in piggies?

What does it cause in humans?

What is the route of transmission?

A

Cilliated protozoa, found in the large intestine of pigs- apathogenic

Intestinal disease in humans

Faeco-oral transmission

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11
Q

What pig production systems is cystoisospora suis affected?

What does it cause in piglets 10-20 days old?

A

Both indoor and outdoor-
in summer- sows with heavily contaminated udders from wallowing
wet weather- beds not renewed between batches

Most common cause of scour in piglets- scouring in all parts of litter, yellow/cream, presents as diarrhoea that is unresponsive to antibiotics, reduced weaning weights

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12
Q

Describe the life cycle of cystoisospora

A

Infection- ingestion of sporulated oocysts

Small intestine- 2 rounds of asexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction- micro and macro gametocytes that produce zygote = oocyts

PPP- 5 days

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13
Q

How is cystoisospora suis diagnosed, treated and controlled?

A

Diagnosis-
clinical signs
Often low or negative oocyst counts

Treatment
Sulphonamides- 3, 10 and 17 days old
Toltrazuril- one dose, preferably 4-5 days
Late infection- triggers immune response
77 day meat withdrawal

Control- good hygiene
Indoor- removing oocysts
Outdoor- arcs

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14
Q

What causes sarcoptes in pigs?

Describe life cycle

What are the clinical signs of pigs?

How is it transmitted, treated and prevented?

A

Sarcoptes scabei var suis

Burrowing mite, spends entire life on host, lays eggs in tunnels- 10-15 days

Clinical signs- lesions start around ears, spread to back, flanks and abdomen
intense itching, thickened skin, head shaking

Transmission- direct contact, Sow to pig

Treat with MLs

Prevent- cleaning/disinfection

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15
Q

What louse is found on pigs?

What kind of lice is it?

How big is it?

How is it treated and controlled?

A

Haematopinus suis

Sucking louse- blood sucking, anaemia in piglets

Big- 5-6mm

Treat with MLs

Cleaning/disinfecting

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