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Year 3 Parasitology > Tapeworms of Ruminants > Flashcards

Tapeworms of Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

What are some generic features of cestodes/tapeworms?

A

Adult worms are segmented

Indirect life cycles

Adult parasite in difinitive host, generally considered less pathogenic

Stage in the intermediate host is referred to as the metacestode, can be considered pathogenic

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2
Q

Describe the outside structure of an adult tapeworm?

A

Scolex at top of head- sometimes with suckers- and attaches to host

Extends into a neck and then segments

Newly produced segments- proglotids- near head

All the segments together form the Strobila

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3
Q

Describe the inside strucutre of an adult tapeworm’s proglottid

A

Testes lined up around the outside

Dark structure at bottom of segment- vitelline gland- produces egg shell

Viteline gland connected to ovary and uterus which extends through middle

Connected to genital pore

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4
Q

How do tapeworms ingest food?

A

The tegument- body wall- allows passage of food

No gut

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5
Q

What is the order and families of the relevant tapeworms?

A

Order: Cyclophillidae

Families:

Taeniidae
Dilepididae
Anoplocephalidae

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6
Q

Describe the general life cycle of a tapeworm

A

Adult tapeworm always found in difinitive host, metacestode found in intermediate host

Adults found in SI
Proglottids break off
Eggs/proglottids shed in faeces
Eggs immediatley infective

Eggs eaten by intermediate host
Metacestode develops in intermediate host
Metacestode eaten by difinitive host

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7
Q

What are the 4 different types of metacestode?

A

Cysticercus

Coenurus

Hyatid

Cysticercoid

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8
Q

What kind of metacestode is this and why?

A

Cysticercus- one single invaginated scolex

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9
Q

What type of metacestode is this and why?

A

Coenurus- several invaginated scolex

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10
Q

What type of metacestode is this and why?

A

Hyatid- endogenous and exogenous cysts containing several scolex

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11
Q

What type of metacestode is this and why?

A

Cysticercoid- exvaginated scolex, not fluid filled- solid structure

Very small

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12
Q

What are the 4 tapeworms which are metacestodes in sheep and dogs are the definitive host?

A

Taenia ovis

T.hydatigena

T.multiceps

Echinococcus granulosus

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13
Q

Where are the metacestode of taenia ocivs found in sheep?

A

Cysticercus in muscles

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14
Q

Where is the metacestode of Taenai hydatigena found in sheep?

A

Cysticercus in peritoneum

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15
Q

Where are the metacestode of taenia multiceps found in sheep?

A

Coenurus in brain

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16
Q

Where is the metacestode of echinococcus granulosus found in sheep?

A

Hydatid cyst in liver or lung

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17
Q

What parasite causes sheep measles?

A

Taenia ovis- cysticercus in muscles

18
Q

What is the problem and solution for ‘sheep measles’?

A

Affects value of carcase

Major economic losses in Australia and New Zealand

Vaccine produced- recombinant oncosphere antigen. Highly effective, no commercial take up

New Zealand- education and regular worming of dogs

Canada- Liver condemnations have increased a lot

19
Q

What is the problem of Taenia hydatigena in sheep?

A

Cysticercus migrates through the sheep
Forms mature cysticercus in the peritoneum

Liver condemnation

20
Q

What are the complications of taenia multiceps and why?

A

Neurological complications

Space occupying lesion from cyst in the brain of the sheep- (coenrus)

21
Q

What is the problem with Echinocococcus granulosus

A

Hyatid cyst in liver and lungs- no pathogenic significance for sheep and cattle

Serious Human pathogen

22
Q

How can tapeworms (metacestode) of sheep be controled?

A

Praziquantel treatment of dogs to remove adult tapeworm (dictated by PPP, every 6 weeks)

Break the life cycle through controlling access to intermediate host/metacestode stage

Can’t treat metacestode

23
Q

What tapeworms have humans as their definitive host?

A

Taenia saginata- beef tapeworm

Taenia solium- pork tapeworm

24
Q

How does taenia saginata affect the UK?

A

Rare

Adult in SI of humans
Metacestode in muscle of cattle- cysticercus

No disease in cattle

Mild disease in humans- hunger pains, aesthetically unpleasant

25
Q

How are tapeworms (taenia saginata) in humans controlled?

A

Meat inspection- heart, masseter muscles- heavy infestation leads tos carcase condemnation

Cooking or freezing meat

Sewage disposal

26
Q

How does Taenia solium affect the UK?

A

Not in the UK (eradicated)

27
Q

Where are the different stages of Taenia solium?

A

Adult tapeworms in humans- non pathogenic

Metacestode in pigs AND humans

Cysticercus in mucle of pigs

Highly pathogenic cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis in humans

28
Q

What causes human cysticercosis from taenia solium and what does it cause?

A

Ingestion of eggs associated with poor sanitation
Ingestion of metacestode

Presence of cysticerci in pigs/lack of meat inspection

Human disease- epilepsy, head aches, sub-cutaneous lumps, neuro and ocular cysticercosis

29
Q

What adult tapeworms are found in sheep and cattle?

A

Monezia spp

30
Q

Where is Monezia spp found in cattle and sheep?

A

SI of sheep- long 2m+

31
Q

What is the metacestode stage of Monezia spp?

A

Cysticerdoid develops in oribatid mite

32
Q

What is the name of the metastronglye lung worm found in sheep?

A

Muellerius capillaris

33
Q

Where are meullerius capillaris found in sheep and how are they infected?

A

Found in the lung parenchyma- eosinophilic nodules, grey/green

L1 in faces

Intemediate hosts are slugs and snails

Not pathogenic in sheep- highly pathogenic in goats

34
Q

What area bunch of fluid filled cysts in the peritoneum associated with the liver of the sheep at an abattoir likely to be?

A

Taenia hydatigena

35
Q

During meat inspection you find a 1 cm cyst in the (a) leg of a sheep, (b) the masseter of a cow, (c) lungs of a lamb. What are they likely to be?

A

(a) Taenia ovis
(b) Taenia saginata
(c) Echinococcus granulosus

36
Q

Name three Zoonotic parasites of sheep anc cattle that you can detect at the abbatoir and which stage is found?

A

Echinococcus granulosis- metacestode in sheep and cattle

Taenia saginata- cysticercus in muscle

Fasciola hepatica- immature and mature fluke in liver/bile ducts

37
Q

How are sheep infected with T. hydatigena and T. ovis?

A

Through ingesting eggs shed in dog faeces (dogs are definitive host, harbour the adult tapeworm, mestacodes found in sheep)

38
Q

What is this?

A

Monezia spp egg- world cup trophy

Adult tapeworms in gut of sheep

39
Q

What is this?

A

Taenia spp or echinococcus eggs found in faces of dogs

40
Q

How would you differentiate between L1 larvae of meulleris capillaris and dictyocaulus filaria in faeces of a sheep?

A

D. filaria has a circular knob on the anterior end

M.capilaris has a spike on the tail

41
Q

How are sheep infected with D.filaria and M.capillaris?

A

D.filaria has a direct life cylcle, infection via L3 that develops on pasture

M.capillaris has an indirect life cycle with a mollusc intermediate host, infectoin via L3 in snail/slug

Mc not pathogenic

Year 3 Parasitology (28 decks)

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