Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacteriology > Zoonoses II > Flashcards

Zoonoses II Flashcards

1
Q

What organism causes Cat Scratch Disease?

A

Bartonella henselae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F Cat scratch disease is a serious, life threatening disease in all humans

A

FALSE Self limiting disease in immunocompetent hosts (no abx needed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lesions from B. henselae demonstrate _____ spread, and will cause a _____

A

Demonstrate lymphatic spread Will cause a regional lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the manifestation of Cat Scratch disease (B. henselae) characterized by sepsis in immunocompromised patients?

A

Bacillary Angiomatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lesions of Bacillary Angiomatosis from B. henselae resemble _____, and must be distinguished by biopsy.

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What sequelae of Cat Scratch disease (B. henselae) is characterized by the presence cystic, blood filled lesions in the liver and spleen parenchyma of immunocompromised patients? What are some other symptoms of this sequelae?

A

Hepatic or Splenic Peliosis

Other sx: Target organ enlargement, weight loss, nausea, fever, and elevated liver enzymes and alkaline phosphate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is Cat Scratch disease (B. henselae) diagnosed?

A

Serology and physical findings

The organism is hard to culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis caused by B. henselae infection of immunocompromised patients treated?

A

Erythromycin/Doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

B. henselae appears as a gram _____, slightly curved _____

A

B. henselae appears as a gram NEGATIVE, slightly curved ROD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The disease caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii and Anaplasma phagocytophilum is similar to RMSF except that _____. What is the vector? What kind of cells do they infect? Tx?

A

Presents with NO rash and leukopenia/thrombocytopenia

Vector = ticks

They infect monocytes and granulocytes

Tx: Tetracycline or chlorampheniol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What organism(s) cause Human Monocytic Ehrlichosis (HME)? Human Granulocytic Ehrlichosis (HE)?

A

HME: E. chaffeensis

HE: E. wingii/A. phagocytophilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: HME and HE always presents as a self limiting disease

A

FALSE

Depending on the severity (# of WBC infected), HME and HE can be fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pasteurella multocida appears as a gram _____ _____

A

Gram negative rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two virulence factors of Pasteurella multocida?

A

1) Anti-phagocytic capsule
2) Endotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is Pasteurella multocida transmitted?

A

Through bites/scratches from cats or dogs (found in their oral cavity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pasteurella multocida causes _____ within 1-2 days after a bite. It presents as _____ in COPD patients.

A

Cellulitis 1-2 days after bite

Chronic lung infection in COPD patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is Pasteurella multocida diagnosed? Tx?

A

Diagnosis: Routine culture

Tx: Beta-lactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The polypeptide capsule of Bacillus anthracis is made of _____ and provides the organism with protection from _____

A

Made of D-glutamic acid

Protects B. anthracis from phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What virulence factor of B. anthracis is immunoprotective, is a component of the anthrax vaccine, and is a common binding subunit for other toxins?

A

Protective Angiten (PA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

B. anthracis Edema Toxin causes cell swelling and burst? How does it accomplish this?

A

Edema Toxin is an adenylate cyclase that increases cAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What virulence factor of B. anthracis cleaves MAP kinase? What does this induce in the host?

A

Lethal Toxin

Induces apoptosis and T cell proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The virulence factors of B. anthracis are found _____ that are required for the organisms virulencs

A

Found on two plasmids. Both are required for virulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F B. anthracis is an obligate aerobe

A

TRUE

24
Q

_____ of B. anthracis represent the resting stage of the organism. They are very very resistant to disenfectants.

A

Spores

25
Q

What are the two forms of B. anthracis spores? How do they gain access to human hosts?

A

1) Respiratory Anthrax: Inhalation through mucous membranes
2) Cutaneous Anthrax: Entrance through breached skin

26
Q

What is the first sign of cutaneous anthrax infection?

A

Papule (painless ulcer) w/ coal-black necrotic center

27
Q

A failure of the papule of cutaneous anthrax to heal can result in _____, leading to _____

A

Lymphatic spread leading to bloodstream dissemination (5-20%) and septicemia/death

28
Q

Another name for Inhalation anthrax is _____

A

Woolsorter’s Disease

29
Q

The spores of B. anthracis germinate inside human _____

A

Alveolar macrophages

30
Q

What are the initial symptoms of inhalation anthrax? What causes these syptoms

A

Sx: Fever, dry cough (non-secific sx similar to a cold or flu)

The death of infected macrophages causes the release of pro-inflammaroty cytokines that produce these symptoms

31
Q

2-4 days after the initial symptoms of inhalation anthrax, ______ follows, leading to _____ within 24 hours. What happens because of these late stage events?

A

Initial symptoms > Massive toxemia (2-4 days later) > Respiratory distress/shock/death (within 24 hours)

The release of toxins causes massive pulmonary edema and mediastinal hemorraghe (100% fatal!)

32
Q

How is B. anthracis diagnosed in the lab?

A

Gram stain of fluid/pus from lesion/blood/sputum

Reveals gram positive rods in chains

33
Q

B. anthracis is a gram _____ _____ in the blood and/or CSF

A

Gram positive rod

34
Q

T/F: B. anthracis appears as a non-motile, non-hemolytic organism on blood agar.

A

TRUE

35
Q

What is the characteristic X-ray finding of anthrax?

A

Widened mediastinum

36
Q

What are the two treatment options for anthrax?

A

Cipromycin or Doxycycline

37
Q

_____ is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the binding of B. anthracis Protective Antigen. It prevents/reduces _____

A

Raxibacumab

Prevents/reduces toxemia

38
Q

A patient comes to you presenting with the symptoms of massive toxemia caused by the second stage of inhalation anthrax. What can you do for this patient?

A

Administer raxibacumab to reduce toxemia, but at this point most of the damage has been done. Abx will be ineffective, and the patient has a very high chance of dying.

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001325.htm

39
Q

What are the two adehsins expressed by Yersinia pestis?

A

1) pH 6 adhesin (pilus adhesin, maximally expressed at pH 6)
2) Yersinia adherence (YadA)

40
Q

What are the three Yersinia outer membrane proteins (Yops)? What are their functions? How are these potent toxins introduced?

A

1) YopH: Tyrosine phosphatase activity interferes with intercellular signaling
2) YopM: Indirectly affects signaling, preventing platelet release of cytokines
3) YopE: Destroys actin monofilaments (cytoskeleton component)

All are introduced via Type III secretion (direct injection into target cell cytoplasm)

41
Q

What virulence factor of Y. pestis functions as the “Yops master switch”, making it essential for their full expression?

A

LvrV (V antigen)

42
Q

What Y. pestis virulence factor is an anti-phagocytic *protein* capsule that also activates complement?

A

Fraction 1 (Fra. 1)

43
Q

What virulence factor of Y. pestis degrades C3b and C5a, Yops, and fibrin clots? What do these functions accomplish?

A

Plasminogen activator

Degradation of Yops prevents immune system notice of the organism

Dissolution of fibrin clots makes it a spreading factor (its main function)

44
Q

What disease caused by Y. pestis 1) has person to person transmission and is still survivable. Which one 2) is trasmitted person to person via the respiratory route, and is the “best” form to cause disease?

A

1) Bubonic plague
2) Pneumonic plague

45
Q

Where does Y. pestis replicate?

A

Draining lymph nodes (access via lymphatic spread after flea bite)

46
Q

A _____ is an inflamed/enlarged lymph node that has become hemorraghic from replication/infection by Y. pestis.

A

Bubo

47
Q

How does Y. pestis appear on staining of blood, sputum, or aspirates from buboes?

A

Gram negative rods w/ bipolar staining (safety pins)

48
Q

How does Y. pestis appear on blood agar? Hint: it’s a buzzword.

A

“Beaten copper”

49
Q

What are the two treatment options for Y. pestis?

A

1) Streptomycin
2) Tetracycline

50
Q

What organism causes Rabbit Fever?

A

Francisella tularensis

51
Q

What are the four ways humans can acquire Rabbit Fever (F. tularensis)?

A

1) Handling skin/carcass of infected animals (rodents, beavers, etc.; carnivores who eat rodents, beavers etc.)
2) Insect vectors (ticks)
3) Animal bites
4) Inhalation causing pneumonia

52
Q

T/F F. tularensis is a minimally invasive species

A

FALSE

F. tularensis is VERY invasive

53
Q

What tissues can F. tularensis infect?

A

Anything with a mucous membrane (Ulceroglandular, Glandular, Oculoglandular, Oropharyngeal infxns)

F. tularensis may become systemic (30-60% mortality) or pneumonic

54
Q

T/F F. tularensis can’t be cultured in the lab

A

TRUE

Too dangerous for culture

55
Q

How does F. tularensis appear on gram stain?

A

Gram negative rod

56
Q

What are the two treatment options for Rabbit Fever (F. tularensis)?

A

1) Streptomycin
2) Gentamicin

57
Q

F. tularensis, when transmitted by a tick/animal bite, causes a ______

A

Painful ulcer

Bacteriology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions