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PID > Zoonoses > Flashcards

Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

Agents of infectious disease

A 
Parasites
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Prions
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2
Q

Zoonotic disease examples

A

Plague
Salmonella
Taeniasis (tapeworm)

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3
Q

Zoonoses

A

Diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted from vertebrates and humans and vice-versa

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4
Q

“Diseases and infections”

A

Diseases caused by animals which are not infected -bites, venom, allergy

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5
Q

“Naturally”

A

Experimental transmission

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6
Q

“Transmitted”

A

Shared diseases

Botulism, rickets

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7
Q

“Vertebrates”

A

If only arthropods involved in cycle- not zoonosis

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8
Q

“Vice-versa”

A

Animal to human and human to animal

Sometimes never seen in real life (rabies)

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9
Q

Anthropo-zoonoses

A

From humans to animals

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10
Q

Saprozoonoses

A

Vertebrate + environment
In sapronosis or geonosis there is disease resulting from a causative agent present in an all natural source, such as soil and water

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11
Q

Food-borne infections and zoonoses

A

Some food-borne: no vice-versa, no vertebrate
Not all food-borne infections are zoonoses (Hep A)
Some zoonoses are food-borne diseases (Anthrax)

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12
Q

Not zoonosis anymore

A

HIV- had zoonotic origin, but no more transmission

SIV–> HIV

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13
Q

Percent of pathogens zoonotic

A

60%

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14
Q

Emerging Zoonosis

A

A zoonosis that is newly recognized or newly evolved, or that has occurred previously but shows an increase in incidence or expansion in geographical, host or vector range

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15
Q

Emerging Infectious Diseases

A

Diseases whose incidence in humans has increased in the past 2 decades or threaten to increase in the future

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16
Q

Current emerging zoonoses

A 
Ebola
Echinococcosis
Dog rabies
Avian flu
BSE
Brucellosis
17
Q

Importance of zoonosis

A

More than 800 diseases mutually transmitted
At least 61% of all pathogens of human beings
75% of all emerging pathogens during the past decade

18
Q

Who is at risk

A

General population

  • children younger than 5
  • adults older than 65
  • people with weakened immune systems
19
Q

Exposure: Agriculture

A

Farmer or other people in close contact with livestock or their products

20
Q

Exposure: Animal product processing and manufacture

A

Personnel of abattoirs and processing plants

21
Q

Exposure: Forestry, outdoors

A

Persons frequenting wild habitats for professional pr recreational reasons

22
Q

Exposure: Recreation

A

Persons in contact with pets and/or wild animals in urban encironment

23
Q

Exposure: Clinics, labs

A

Health personnel and other health workers (including lab) who handle specimens, organs, corpses

24
Q

Exposure: Epidemiology

A

Public health professionals who do field research

25
Q

Exposure: Emergency

A

People affected by catastrophes, refugees, or people temporarily living in crowded or highly stressful situations

26
Q

Severity of zoonoses

A

Some are almost always deadly (rabies)
Some severe
Mild/moderate (foot and mouth disease)
Some severe due to numbers

27
Q

Clinical signs

A

Human: sick
Animal: no signs
- chlamydia psittaci

Human: sick
Animal: sick
— Rabies

Human sick:
Animal: no signs
–TB

28
Q

RNA viruses

A 
no proofreading mechanism
Each cycle: great number of genetic variant
Unable to reproduce
Extend of host range Zoonoses
Measles, mumps are not not zoonotic
29
Q

DNA viruses

A

DNA polymerase proofreading mechanism
Greater genetic stability
Restricting host range
Poxviruses and some herpesvirus

30
Q

Bacterial zoonoses

A

All tranmission route (bites/scratch, inhalation, food, vectors, soil and water)
Problem of antimicrobial resistance
Risk for veterinarian: hundreds of bacteria in the oral cavity

31
Q

Parasitic zoonoses

A 
Various cycles: human can be final, intermediate or paratenic host
Multiple types of agents:
-protozoa
-Helminths (nematodes)
-Acanthocephala
32
Q

Prion zoonoses

A

Proteinaceous infectious particles
Infectious protein
Long incubation (several years)
Always fatal: neurodegeneration
Animal prion: bocine spongiform encephalopathy
Human prion: new varient creutzfeld-jacob (not zoonoses)

33
Q

Fungus Zoonoses

A

Dermatophytoses/Ringworm: Keratinophilic fungi

34
Q

Case 1: Lyme disease

A

Agent: Borrelia burgdorferi
Transmission route: Indirect by vector, the hard tick
The most important reservoirs are rodents
It is reportable to the CDC

35
Q

Case 2: Brucellosis

A

It is a bacteria, Brucella
Transmission sources are multiples, direct, indirect by fomites or vehicle
The most important reservoir is cattle. Goats are the reservoir for B. melitensis, the most pathogenic species
In the US you have to notify to both CDC and USD, it is a bioterrorism agent category B

36
Q

Case 3: Sin nombre

A

It is a Bunyaviridae (RNA) virus
It produces the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
The main transmission route is either direct or indirect through fomites or vehicles, for example, feces in dust
The most important reservoir are rodents
It is a notifiable disease in the US, to the CDC (bioterrorism Agent cat. C)

PID (14 decks)

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