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PID > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Parasite

A

smaller organism that lives on or in and at the expense of a larger organism

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2
Q

Role of veterinarian

A 
Cause disease
Clinically relevant
Zoonoses
Diagnostic measures
Minimize impact (production)
Treatment and management
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3
Q

Three classes of Parasites

A

Helminths
Ectoparasites
Protozoa

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4
Q

Diagnostic methods

A

Host Species
Site of Infection
Size of parasite

Understand the parasites
Select the samples to collect
Select the appropriate diagnostic methods

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5
Q

Treatment and management

A

Parasiticides
Sustainable management of the host
Management of the environment
Life cycle is used to determine treatment and prevention

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6
Q

Must understand:

A 
Taxonomic classification; scientific and common name
Clinical signs
Pathogenesis and lesions
Site of infestation/infection
Life cycle
Identification
Host(s);zoonotic
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7
Q

Parasites of importance

A 
Nematodes
Cestodes
Trematodes
Insects
Arachnids
Protozoa
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8
Q

Nemotodes

A 
Roundworms
Free-living or parasitic
Elongate/cylindrical
Alimentary canal present
Sexes usually separate
Life cycle direct or indirect
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9
Q

Cestodes

A 
Tapeworms
Flat body and no alimentary canal
Scolex (holdfast organ)
Strobila (body) with proglottids
Each proglottid (section) is hermaphroditic
Indirect life cycle
Types of characteristic larval stages
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10
Q

Trematodes

A 
Flukes
Dorso-ventrally flattened
Leaf-like
Oran and ventral suckers
Indirect life cycle- molluscan IH
Usually genetically independent
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11
Q

Insects

A

Adults: 3 pairs of legs
Head, thorax, abdomen
Antenna
Flies, fleas, live, bedbugs

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12
Q

Arthropods/Arachnids

A 
Ticks, mites
Nymphs and adults: 4 pairs of legs
Larvae: 3 pairs of legs
Body: cephalo-thorax and abdomen
No antennae, but palps
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13
Q

Protozoa

A

Uniccellular, eukaryotic animals
Classified based on their mode of locomotion
Locomotion accomplished by: pseudopodia, flagella, gliding movements, cilia

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14
Q

Endoparasites

A

Live in the host

Cause infections

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15
Q

Ectoparasites

A

Live ON the host

Cause infestations

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16
Q

Definitive Host

A

Final

Harbors the adult or sexual stage of the parasite

17
Q

Intermediate Host

A

Host in which a larval or immature stage of the helminth parasite develops before becoming infective to the final host

18
Q

Paratenic host

A

Transport host

host in which larval stages of helminth do not develop further

19
Q

Host specific parasites

A

Parasites have specificity for particular definitive and intermediate hosts
Often parasite life cycles can only be completed in a particular host

20
Q

Routes of entry

A 
Ingestion
Skin or mucosal penetration
Arthropod bite
Transplacental
Transmammary
Sexual contact
21
Q

Pathogenesis

A

The development of morbid conditions or disease (the cellular events, reactions and other mechanisms occurring in the development of disease)

22
Q

Virulence

A

The degree of pathogenicity; capability of a microorganism to cause disease

23
Q

Effect from parasites

A

Highly variable and dependent on a number of factors:
Parasites and types oh hosts
severity- infection dose and number of organisms acquired over time
Route of exposure

24
Q

Effect from parasites: severity

A 
Depends-
age of host
nutritional status
previous exposure
extent of parasite burden
25
Q

Pathogenesis and Virulence

A 
Infective dose and exposure
Penetration of anatomic barriers
Attachement
Cell and tissue damage
Loss of nutrients
26
Q

Infective dose and exposure

A

Different strategies exist
Protozoa: multiply in host
Helminths: adult worms do not multiply in definitive host. Worms die over time, unless host is re-exposed
-the severity of disease if proportional to worm load introduced into the host

27
Q

Penetration of anatomical barriers

A

Like an insect bite- penetrate skin

28
Q

Attachment

A 
Oral cavity (capsule)
Attachment organs (tapeworm)
Suction disk
Biting mouthparts
Direct penetration
29
Q

Loss of nutrients

A

Competition with host for nutrients
Interference with nutrient absorption
Nutrient loss

PID (14 decks)

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