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Infection > Zoonoses > Flashcards

Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

what are zoonoses?

A

infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrae animals and humans

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2
Q

name a parasitic zoonosis

A

toxoplasmosis

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3
Q

name a fungal zoonosis

A

dermatophytes

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4
Q

name a viral zoonosis

A

> rabies
yellow fever
ebola

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5
Q

name a bacterial zoonosis

A 
> brucella
> shigella
> salmonella
> campylobacter
> anthrax
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6
Q

how is rabies transmitted?

A

bite from an infected animal

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7
Q

what is the incubation period of rabies?

A

2 weeks to several months

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8
Q

how does the rabies virus reach the brain?

A

through the peripheral nerves

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9
Q

how may rabies present?

A

> fever
headache
unable to swallow
. overproduction of saliva and tears

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10
Q

how may rabies present when it is progressing?

A

> mania
lethargy
coma

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11
Q

how is rabies diagnosed?

A

> PCR of saliva of CSF

> (post mortem brain biopsy)

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12
Q

how is rabies managed?

A

post exposure prophylaxis of human rabies immunoglobulin.

4+ doses of rabies vaccination in 4 days

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13
Q

what is the brucellosis bacteria excreted in?

A

cow milk, placenta and aborted fetus

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14
Q

why should you warn the lab if there is suspected brucellosis?

A

there is a risk of spread

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15
Q

when are humans infected with brucellosis?

A

> during parturition
milking infected animals
handling carcasses of infected animals
consumption of unpasteurised dairy products

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16
Q

true or false

the Brucella bacteria is gram positive coccobacilli

A

false

it is gram negative

17
Q

what is the incubation period for brucellosis?

A

5-30 days (up to 6 months)

18
Q

what is the acute presentation of Brucellosis?

A 
> high undulant fever
> weakness
> drenching sweats
> headaches
> splenomegaly
19
Q

what is the subacute presentation brucellosis?

A

fever and joint pain

20
Q

what is the chronic presentation of brucellosis?

A 
> splenomegaly
> epididymo-orchitis
> chronic arthritis
> depression
> malaise
21
Q

what is the management of brucellosis?

A

> long acting doxycycline 2-3months
rifampicin oral + IM gentamycin 1st week
cotrimaxoizole 2 weeks

22
Q

why may relapses of brucellosis occur?

A

due to intracellular organisms (only 5-10%)

23
Q

describe the leptospirosis organism

A

highly mobile spirochetes that can survive in the environment for weeks to months

24
Q

what is the incubation period of leptospirosis?

A

2-30 days

25
Q

what are the symptoms of a leptospirosis infection?

A

> undifferentiated fever
myalgia
headaches
abdominal pain

26
Q

describe severe disease in leptospirosis infection

A

weil’s disease
> AKI
> triad jaundice
> bleeding

and pulmonary haemorrhaging

27
Q

how is leptospirosis diagnosed?

A

cultured in a special medium for at least 1 week

28
Q

what is the treatment for leptospirosis?

A

> prompt dialysis
IV penicillin if severe
doxycycline in mild disease

29
Q

in lyme borrellios when does the erythema migrans appear?

A

3-90 days after bite

30
Q

what is acrodermatitis chronica atroficans in lyme disease?

A

blush red discolouration in the extensor surfaces of distal extremities that progresses to an atrophic phase. peripheral neuropathy is common

31
Q

what is lymphocytoma in lyme disease?

A

bluish solitary painless nodule of the earlobe or areola

more common in children than adults

32
Q

what is the triad of symptoms in neuroborreliosis in lyme disease?

A

> facial nerve palsy
radicular pain (worse at night)
lymphocytic meningitis

33
Q

how is lyme borrellios diagnosed?

A

> paired blood CSF serology
CSF pleocytosis often lymphocytic
neuro symptoms consistent and other causes excluded
PCR of synovial fluid from arthritis

34
Q

what is the treatment for lyme borrllios?

A

IV ceftrinaxone
oral doxycycline
oral vancomycin

Infection (13 decks)

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