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Infection > Soft Tissue Infections > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Infections Flashcards

1
Q

what causes impetigo?

A

> STAPH AUREUS

> strep pyogens

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2
Q

what is impetigo?

A

a highly infective superficial skin infection that has multiple vascular lesions on erythematous base

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3
Q

how does impetigo present?

A

> golden crust
on exposed body part (face, scalp, extremities)
children 2-5

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4
Q

what are some predisposing factors to impetigo?

A 
> abrasions
> burns
> eczema
> poor hygiene
> insect bites
> chicken pox
> atopic dermatitis
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5
Q

how is impetigo treated?

A

> small areas with topical antibiotics

> large areas with topical and oral antibiotics

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6
Q

what cause erysipelas?

A

strep. pyogens

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7
Q

what is erysipelas?

A

infection of the epidermis

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8
Q

how does erysipelas present?

A

> painful red area with a distinct border
fever
regional lymphadenopathy

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9
Q

what risk factors are there for erysipelas?

A

> DM
obesity
paraparesis
venous stasis

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10
Q

how is erysipelas treated?

A

combination of anti-staphylococcal and antistreptococcal antibiotics (extensive need rest and IV antibiotics)

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11
Q

what causes cellulitis?

A

> strep pyogens

> staph aureus

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12
Q

what is cellulitis?

A

diffuse skin infection involving the deep dermis and subcutaneous fat

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13
Q

how does cellulitis present?

A

> fever
spreading erythematous area with no distinct border
regional lymphadenopathy

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14
Q

how is cellulitis treated?

A

combination of anti-staphylococcal and anti-streptococcal antibiotics

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15
Q

what are the predisposing factors for cellulitis?

A

> DM
tinea pedis
Lymphedema

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16
Q

what are the predisposing factors for necrotising fasciitis?

A 
> peripheral vascular disease
> skin popping
> trauma
> surgery
> DM
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17
Q

what causes type 1 necrotising fasciitis?

A 
mixture of aerobes and anaerobes
>enterococci
> staphylococci
> -ve bacilli
> streptococci
> clostridium
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18
Q

what causes type 2 necrotising fasciitis?

A

> strep pyogens

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19
Q

how does necrotising fasciitis present?

A 
> rapid onset
> haemorrhagic bullae
> skin necrosis
> crepitus
> anaesthesia at site
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20
Q

what are the systemic features of necrotising fasciitis?

A 
>fever
> hypotension
> delirium
> multi-organ failure
> tachycardia
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21
Q

what is the presentation of sequential development in necrotising fasciitis?

A

> severe pain
extensive oedema
erythema

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22
Q

what is the management of necrotising fasciitis?

A

> surgical review

> broad spectrum antibiotics (flucloxacillin, gentamicin, clindamycin)

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23
Q

what is polymyositis?

A

infection of deep striated muscle

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24
Q

what causes polymyositis?

A

staph aureus

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25
Q

what are the predisposing factors for polymyositis?

A 
> liver cirrhosis
> malignancy
> DM
> IV drug abuse
> immunocompromised
> rheumatological disease
26
Q

what investigations could you carry out for polymyositis?

A

> CT

> MRI

27
Q

how does polymyositis present?

A

> fever
pain
woody induration of the affected muscle

28
Q

where does polymyositis present?

A 
> arm
> thigh
> psoas muscle
> calf
> gluteal region
> chest wall
29
Q

how is polymyositis treated?

A

antibiotics and drainage

30
Q

what is infectious tenosynovitis?

A

infection of the synovial sheets surrounding the tendons

31
Q

what causes infectious tenosynovitis?

A

> penetrating trauma
STAPH AREUS
STREPTOCOCCI
chronic- fungi and microbacteria

32
Q

how does infectious synovitis present?

A

> tenderness
finger in semi-flexed position (extension painful)
erythematous pusiform swelling

33
Q

how is infectious synovitis treated?

A

> empirical antibiotics

34
Q

what is folliculitis?

A

pustular infection of hair follicle

35
Q

what causes folliculitis?

A

staph aureus

36
Q

how does folliculitis present?

A

> small red papules

37
Q

what are furunculosis?

A

single hair follicle associated inflammatory nodules, extended into the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

38
Q

what are the risk factors for furunculosis?

A 
> obesity
> CKD
> DM
> atopic dermatitis
> corticosteroid use
39
Q

where does furunculosis present?

A

moist hairy friction prone areas

40
Q

what cause furunculosis?

A

staph. aureus

41
Q

what is a carbuncle?

A

infection involving multiple follicles ( a multi septated abscess)

42
Q

how does a carbuncle present?

A

high temperature

43
Q

how is a carbuncle treated?

A

surgery and IV antibiotics

44
Q

what are some predisposing factors to septic bursitis?

A 
> rheumatoid arthritis
> alcoholism
> DM
> IV drug abuse
> immunosuppression
> renal insufficiency
45
Q

how does septic bursitis present?

A 
> peri-bursal cellulitis
> warmth
> swelling
> fever
> pain on movement
46
Q

how is septic bursitis diagnosed?

A

aspiration of fluid

47
Q

what causes septic bursitis caused?

A

staph aureus

48
Q

what causes toxin mediated syndromes?

A

super antigens of pyrogenic exotoxins activated the immune system by attaching directly to the T cell receptors causing a massive cytokine release

49
Q

how does staphylococcal TSS present?

A

> fever
hypotension
diffuse macular rash
3 organ involvement (GI, renal, liver, MSK, CNS)

50
Q

how is streptococcal Toxin shock syndrome treated?

A

urgent surgical debridement of infected tissue

51
Q

how is toxic shock syndrome managed?

A 
> IV fluids
> removing the offending agent
> inotropes
> antibiotics
> IV immunoglobulins
52
Q

how does staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome present?

A

> widespread bullae

> skin exfoliation

53
Q

what causes panton-valentine leucocidin toxin?

A

gamma haemoglobin

54
Q

what are the risk factors for IV catheter infections?

A

> cannula in situ for >72 hours
neurological problems
cannula in lower limb

55
Q

how are IV catheter infections prevented?

A

> do not leave in an unused catheter
change cannula every 72 hours
monitor for thrombophlebitis
use aseptic technique

56
Q

what are the risk factors for surgical site infections?

A 
> diabetes
> obesity
> smoking
> malnutrition
> concurrent steroid use
> staph aureus colonisation
> procedural factors
57
Q

describe class 1 surgical site infection

A

clean wound

resp/GI /uro/genital systems not entered

58
Q

describe a class 2 surgical site infection

A

clean contaminated wound

59
Q

describe a class 3 surgical site infection

A

contaminated wound

60
Q

describe a class 4 surgical site infection

A

infected wound

Infection (13 decks)

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