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Infection > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

how is HIV spread?

A 
> sexual transmission
> vertical transmission
> blood products
> injection misuse
> organ transplant
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2
Q

what immune cells specifically does HIV disrupt?

A

t helper cells

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3
Q

what is the normal CD4 count?

A

> 500

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4
Q

at what CD4 level is the diagnosis of AIDS?

A

<200

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5
Q

how is the disease progression monitored?

A

> symptoms and signs
CD4 lymphatic count
HIV viral load

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6
Q

how is the HIV viral load measured?

A

PCR to monitor the number of copies

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7
Q

true or false

HIV viral load is low during acute infections

A

false it is high

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8
Q

what are the symptoms of a patient with primary HIV?

A 
abrupt onset and self limiting (2weeks)
> fever
> flu
> malaise/lethargy
> pharyngitis
> lymphadenopathy
> toxic exanthema
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9
Q

how soon after exposure do symptoms of primary HIV/seroconversion begin?

A

2-4 weeks

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10
Q

describe the 6 stages of HIV replication in the human cell starting from binding and entry

A
  1. Binding and entry
  2. Reverse transcriptase
  3. Integration
  4. Transcription
  5. Assembly
  6. Release and protease
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11
Q

what are the 4 stages that HIV medications can act on?

A

> entry inhibition
reverse transcriptase inhibitors
integrase inhibitor
protease inhibitor

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12
Q

what does combination therapy of anti-retrovirals entail?

A

3 drugs from 2 different groups
> reverse transcriptase inhibitors
> protease inhibitor
> integrase inhibitor

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13
Q

when should HIV treatment be commenced?

A

> consider in all patients at diagnosis
encourage at <350 cells/mm^2
CD4 count <200 ASAP
3rd trimester in pregnancy

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14
Q

when might you readjust HIV medication?

A

if their viral load is not sufficiently suppressed at 4-6 weeks

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15
Q

what stages do antivirals act on?

A

> integrase inhibition
protease inhibition
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

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16
Q

what are the side effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

A

> neuropathy

> lipodystrophy

17
Q

what are the side effects of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

A

> rashes

> drug interactions

18
Q

what are the side effects of protease inhibitors?

A

> lipodystrophy
diarrhoea
hyperlipidaemia

19
Q

what is a side effect of integrase inhibitors?

A

rashes

20
Q

what is lipodystrophy?

A

redistribution of fat

21
Q

how is lipodystrophy managed?

A

> changing drugs

> face lift/fillers/liposuction

22
Q

what can poor adherence to treatment lead to?

A

> viral mutation and resistance

23
Q

what preventative measures are there for HIV?

A

> circumcision?
behavioural change
treatment (undetectable viral load means transmission is impossible in pregnancy)
post exposure prophylaxis

24
Q

what is the life expectancy of an individual with a CD4 count of <100?

A

52 years

25
Q

what is the life expectancy of an individual with a CD4 count of 100-200?

A

62 years

26
Q

what is the life expectancy of an individual with a CD4 count of >200?

A

70+years

27
Q

you become exposed to blood from and HIV positive person.

what are your immediate actions?

A

> wash with soap and running water
encourage bleeding if skin is broken
wash out splashes in eyes nose and mouth
report incident

28
Q

what is the risk assessment to blood and bodily fluid exposure (not just for HIV)?

A

> source of contamination
extent of injury
vaccination status of the victim

29
Q

how can blood/bodily fluid exposure be avoided?

A

> disposing of contaminated waste safely
clear spillage and body fluids promptly
avoid sharp usage where possible
use good hand hygiene
cover pre-existing wounds with dressings
protect mucous membranes of eyes, mouth and nose

30
Q

what are the risk of infection if exposed to Hep B with surface antigens and e antigens?

A

30%

31
Q

what is the risk of infection if exposed to hep c antigens?

A

3%

32
Q

what is the risk of infection if exposed to HIV blood and bodily fluids?

A

0.3%

Infection (13 decks)

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