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Microbiology > Zoonoses > Flashcards

Zoonoses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition

A

Diseases and infections which are transmitted naturally between vertebrate animals and man

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2
Q

Animals that transmit zoonoses

A 
Mice
Rats
Cats
Dogs
Small ruminants
Cattle
Swine
Birds
Water sports assoc
Water-borne
Food-Assoc
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3
Q

Gram -ve aerobic bacilli (facultative intracellular)
Endemic worldwide
Transmitted by inhalation, skin or mucus membrane contact
Consumption of contaminated food (untreated milk/dairy) animal contact or environmental contamination
Includes laboratory acquired

A

Brucellosis

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4
Q

Symptoms of Brucellosis

A

Fever - classically undulant (peak evening normal by morning), malaise, rigors, sweating, myalgia/arthralgia, tiredness, (incubation 3-4/52)

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5
Q

Complications of brucellosis

A

Endocarditis
Osteomyelitis
Occasionally Meningoencephalitis

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6
Q

Signs of brucellosis

A

Arthritis, spinal tenderness, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, epididymo-orchitis
Rarely - Jaundice, CNS abnormalities, cardiac murmur, pneumonia

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7
Q

Ix of Brucellosis

A

Serology - anti-O-polysccharide antibody. (Titres >1:160)
WCC usually normal
Leucocytosis rare
Significant number of pts neutropaenic

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8
Q

Treatment for Brucellosis

A

4-6 weeks Tetracycline or Doxycycline combined with streptomycin
Or PO Doxycycline + rifampicin 8/52

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9
Q

Rhabdovirus affecting warm blooded animals; dogs and bats most common
Migrates to CBS (mths/yrs) - fatal encephalitis - Negri bodies = pathognomic
Prodrom - fever, headache, sore throat - acute encephalitis (hyperactive state)

A

Rabies

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10
Q

Ix and serology for Rabies

A

IFA for rabies antigen in brain tissue

Neutralisation tests/ ELISA for specific IgM

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11
Q

Treatment for rabies

A

Rabies IgG Post exposure

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12
Q

Gram -ve lactose fermenter. In rats, transmitted by fleas.

A

Yersinia pestis
Plague
Diagnosis - PCR

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13
Q

Flea bites human
Swollen LN
Dry gangrene

A

Bubonic plague

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14
Q

Usually seen during epidemics

Person-person spread

A

Pulmonary plague

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15
Q

Treatment of plague

A

Streptomycin, Doxycyclin, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol (in meningitis)

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16
Q 
Gram -ve
Obligate, aerobic, motile spirochaetes
Excreted in dog/rat urine
Penetrates broken skin/swimming in contaminated water
Incubation (10-14 days)
A

Leptospirosis

17
Q

Symptoms of leptospirosis

A

High spiking temp/headache/conjunctival haemorrhages/jaundice, malaise, myalgia, meningism, carditis, renal failure, haemolytic anaemia

18
Q

Treatment of leptospirosis

A

Amoxicillin, erythromycin, doxycycline or ampicillin

19
Q

Painless round black lesions + rim of oedema

A

Cutaneous Anthrax

Bacillus anthracis

20
Q

Massive lymphadenopathy + mediastinal haemorrhage, pleural effusion and resp failure

A 
Pulmonary Anthrax (Woolsorters disease)
Bacillus anthracis
21
Q

Treatm,ent for anthrax

A

Ciprofloxacin

Doxycycline

22
Q

Arthropod borne spirochaete

A 
Borrelia burgodoferi (spirochaete)
Lyme disease
23
Q

Stages and symptoms of Lyme disease

A

Early localised - cyclical fevers, non-specific flu-like symptoms, erythema chronicum migrans (Bullseye rash)
Early disseminated - Malaise, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, caraditis, arthritis
Late persistent - Arthritis, focal neurology, neuropsychiatric disturbance, acrodermatitis chronic atrophicans

24
Q

Diagnosis of Lyme disease

A

Biopsy edge of ECM

ELISA for Lyme Abs

25
Q

Treatment of Lyme disease

A

Doxycycline 2-3 weeks (also amoxicillin, cephalosporins)
CNS issues - IV ceftriaxone 2-4 weeks
Post Rx few get ME type symptoms

26
Q

Atypical pneumonia from cattle or sheep

2-5 weeks post-infection - fever, dry cough, fatigue, pleural effusion, diarrhoea - No rash

A

Coxiella burnetii
Q Fever
Rx - doxycycline

27
Q

Transmitted through sand fly bite (South and Central America and Middle East)
Skin ulcer at site - multiply in dermal macrophages
Heals after 1 year leaving depigmented scar
Single or multiple painful nodules - grow and ulcerate
Type IV reaction

A

Cutaneous Leishmania
L major
L tropica

28
Q

Pts with immunodeficiency
Nodular skin lesions arise but do not ulcerate
Lots of nodules esp. nose
Skin teset -ve as immunodeficient

A

Diffuse cutaneous Leishmania

29
Q

Dermal ulcer same as cutaneous
Months to years later
Ulcers in mucous membranes of nose and mouth

A

Muco cutaneous Leishmania

30
Q

Young malnourished child

Abdo discomfort + distension, anorexia, weight loss

A

Visceral Leishmania = Kala Azar

L donovani, L Infantum L chagasi (S America)

31
Q

Invasion of reticuloendothelial system - hepatosplenomegaly, BM invasion
Later disfiguring dermal disease (PKLD)

A

Leishmania donovani

Microbiology (27 decks)

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