Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > GI Infections > Flashcards

GI Infections Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anaerobic GI organism

A

Clostridia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Canned/vacuum packed foods: Honey (kids), beans (students). Ingestion of preformed toxin (inactivated by cooking)
Blocks Ach release from peripheral nerves - descending paralysis (different from GBS)

A

Clostridia Botulinum

Tx - antitoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reheated meats, superantigen enterotoxin (bind directly to TCR + MHC outside peptide binding site - massive cytokine production by CD4 ie systemic toxicity
+ supression of adaptive response
Acts on small bowel 8-16 hours incubation
Watery diarrhoea + cramps, lasts 24 hours
Causes gas gangrene

A

Clostridia Perfringens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
2 exotoxins (A,B)
Get pseudomembranous colitis (ie an inflamed bowel)
Caused by Abx usually cephalosporins/fluorquinolones
A

C Difficile
Tx - Metronidazole
Vancomycin PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aerobic GI oraganisms

A

Bacillus Cereus

Staph Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
Reheated rice (spores germinate) and sudden vomiting
Super antigen - short incubation (4hrs) increased cAMP - L:ong incubation 18 hrs
Watery non-bloody diarrhoea
A

Bacillus Cereus

Self limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Main virulence factor Protein A
Catalase, coagulase +ve
Appears in tetrads - clusters on gram stain
Beta hemolytic on blood agar
Produces enterotoxin (exotoxin that acts as superantigen, releasing IL1 and 2 - prominent vomiting and watery non-bloody diarrhoea

A

Staph Aureus
Don’t treat
Self limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gram -ve lactose fermentor

A

Enterobacteriacae Coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Toxigenic, Travellers Diarrhoea
Heat labile LT stimulates adenyl cyclase and cAMP
Heat stable ST stimulates guanylate cyclase
Act on the jejeunum, ileum not on colon

A

Enterotoxigenic E Coli

ETEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Invasive Dysentery

A

Enteroinvasive E Coli

EIEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Haemorrhagic, caused by verotoxin

A

Enterohaemorrhagic E Coli

EHEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, renal failure (0157:H7 toxin)

A

Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome

HUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Infantile Diarrhoea (Paeds)

A

Enteropathogenic E Coli

EPEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tx for E Coli

A

Self limiting
Can treat with cipro (avoid Abx)
Source - human faeces - contaminated food/water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Non-lactose fermentors

A

Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia enterocolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Only transmitted by humans
Multplies in peyers patches
3% carriers in gallbladder
Slow onset fever + constipation
Relative bradycardia
SPlenomegaly and rose spots, anaemia and leukopenia
A

Salmonella typhi/paratyphi (enteric fever)

Tx Ceftriaxone or Ciprofloxacin

17
Q

Poultry, eggs and meat, invasion of small and large bowel Bacteraemia is infrequent
Self limiting non-bloody diarrhoea

A

Salmonella Enteritides

Tx Ceftriaxone or Ciprofloxacin (if required)

18
Q

Salmonella

A

O, H, Vi antigens, H2S producers, TSI agar, XLD agar, Selenite F broth

19
Q

Mainly affects distal ileum + colon -> mucosal inflammation, fever, pain, bloody diarrhoea,. Shiga enterotoxin

A 
Shigella
Avoid Abx (Cipro if required)
20
Q

Enterocolitis, mesenteric adenitis w/ necrotising granulomas, associated reactive arthritis and erythema nodosum
Transmitted via food contaminated with domestic animals excreta
Prefers 4 degress cold enrichment

A

Yersinia

21
Q

COmma shaped
Late lactose fermentors
Oxidase +ve

A

Vibriosis

comma shaped

22
Q

Rice water stool
Human faeces (in shellfish)
Increase cAMP opens Cl channel at apical membrane of enterocytes - efflux of CL to lumen (loss of H2O and electrolytes)
Massive diarrhoea without inflammation

A

Vibrio Cholera

Tx Supportive

23
Q

Ingestion of raw undercooked seafood (common in japan)

3/7 of diarrhoea often self-limiting

A

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus

Tx Doxycycline

24
Q

Cellulitis in shellfish handlers

Fatal septicaemia with D+V in HIV patients

A

Vibrio Vulnificus

Tx Doxycycline

25
Q

Curved, comma or S shaped Misc Gi organism

A

Campylobacter

26
Q

Drinking unpasteurised milk, food eg poultry
Prodrome of headache and fever, abdo cramps, bloody foul-smelling diarhhoea
Curved, S-shaped, microaerophillic, oxidase +ve, motile, sensitive to malidixic acid (first quinolone)
ASsoc with Guillain-Barre and reactive arthritis

A

Campylobacter Jejuni

Erythromycin or Cipro if first 4-5 days

27
Q

V or L shaped protozoa
Beta Haemolytic
Aesculin +ve
Tumbling motility

A

Listeria Monocytogenes

28
Q

GI Watery diarrhoea, cramps, headache, fever, little vomiting
Perinatal infection, immunocompromised patients
Outbreaks of febrile gastroenteritis
Refrigerated food - unpasteurised dairy, vegetables

A

Listeria monocytogenes

Tx - Ampicilliin, Ceftriaxone, Cotrimoxazole

29
Q

Motile trophozoite in diarrhoea
Non-motile cyst in non-diarrhoea
4 nuclei and no animal reservoir. Colonise colon
Makes flask shaped ulcer (histology)
Sx: Dysentery, wind, tenesmus,
Chronic weight loss and RUQ pain (liver abscess)

A 
Entamoeba Histolytica
Associated with MSM
ALso food, water, soil
Stool Microscopy
Tx - Metronidazole + Paromomycin if luminal
30
Q

Pear shaped trophozoite
2 nuclei trophozoites/cysts found in stool
Get it by ingesting cysts from faecally contaminated H2P
Malabsorption of protein and fat - foul semlling non-bloody diarrhoea

A

Giardia Lamblia
EMQ: Travellers/Hikers/MSM/Mental hospitals
Dx: ELISA string test
Tx: Metronidazole

31
Q

Infects the jejunum
Severe diarrhoea in immunocompromised
Oocytes seen in stool by modified Kinyoun acid fast stain

A

Cryptosporidium Parvum

Tx: Paromomycin, Nitazoxanide in kids

32
Q

Mycobacterium - M Tb, MAI

A

Always a possibility

Assoc with HIV

33
Q

Viruses that cause GI problems

A

Rotavirus

34
Q

No/Low grade fever

No white blood cells in stool

A 
Secretory Diarrhoea
V Cholera
ETEC
EAggEC
EPEC
EHEC
35
Q

Fever

White blood cells in stool (Neutrophils)

A 
Inflammatory DIarrhoea
Camylobacter jejuni
Shigella spp
Non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes
EIEC
36
Q

Fever

White blood cells in stool (Mononuclear cells)

A

Enteric Fever
Typhoidal salmonella
Enteropathogenic Yersinia Spp
Brucella spp

Microbiology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions