Zoonoses (5) Flashcards
What is a zoonosis?
disease and infection naturally transmitted btwn animals and humans
What is bacillus anthracis’s vector?
none
What type of bacteria is bacillus anthracis?
gram + rod
What is the main reservoir for bacillus anthracis?
cows
What are the three types of diseases that occur with bacillus anthracis?
- cutaneous - eschars
- inhalational
- GI
What is the vector for tularemia?
ticks, mosquitoes, deer flies
What is the reservoir for tularemia ?
most commonly rabbits
what type of bacteria is tularemia?
gram negative rod
What are the 5 disease manifestations of tularemia?
- ulceroglandular - most common
- ulcer and swelling of regional LNs - glandular - similar but w/o ulcer
- oculoglandular - bacteria enter the eye
- eye irritation and swollen axillary LNs - oropharyngeal - eating or drinking contaminated food/water
- sore throat, ulcers, swelling of glands - pneumonic - most serious form
- cough, chest pain, SOB
- breathing dusts of dead organism - lawn mower
What type of organism is brucella?
gram negative bacillus
What is the vector for brucella?
none
What are the three methods of transmission for brucella and what setting is it commonly associated with?
-farm animals
- contact with conjunctiva or broken skin
- ingestion of raw milk, undercooked meat
- inhalation of aerosoles - pens, stables
What is the main characteristic of brucella infection?
cyclical fever
Brucella infection can affect many organs, which organ is associated with the most common cause of death from brucella?
heart –>endocarditis
If brucella affects the GU system what occurs?
orchitis and epidymitis
What is the reservoir and vector for yersinia pestis?
reservoir: rat
vector: flea
What type of bacteria is yersinia pestis?
gram negative
What are the three disease manifestations of yersinia pestis?
- bubonic plague - most common
- rapid fever, painful LNs - pneumonic
- high fever, pneumonia, chills - septicemic
- fever, hemorrhagic thrombotic, acral gangrene
What is the other name for infection with bartonella henselae?
“cat scratch disease”
What are the reservoir and vectors for bartonella?
reservoir: cats
vectors: fleas and ticks
What are the usual symptoms of infection with bartonella?
1, fever, enlarged LNs
2. pustule at inocculation site
What are the unusual symptoms of infection with bartonella?
- granulomatous conjunctivitis
- neuroretinitis
- atypical pneumonia
- endocarditis
How does bartonella manifest in an immunocompromised patient?
- bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis hepatitis
- pustules that hang off
- disseminated infection
What is the most common pathogen associated with the following:
- dog bites
- cat bites
- capnocytophaga canimorsus
2. pasteurella multocida
Why do cat bites more commonly result in septic infection?
teeth penetrate deeper
What are the symptoms of infection with pasteurella?
-cellulitis or abscesses +/- bacteremia
if bacteremia:
- pneumonia and endocarditis can occur
- metastatic seeding of internal organs
- meningitis - rare
Who is likely to get meningitis from pasteurella?
elderly and kids
What type of bacteria is canocytophaga canimorsus?
facultative anaerobic gram neg rod
Who is likely to get a severe infection from canocytophaga canimorsus?
alcoholics or asplenic patients
What type of bacteria is leptospirosis?
spirochete
What is the reservoir for leptospirosis?
pets and livestock
What is the most likely way for humans to contract leptospirosis?
contaminated water supply
What are the two disease manifestations of leptospirosis?
- anicteric - acute sepsis, break and then mild organ symptoms
- icteric - acute sepsis, little or no break, major organ failures
Both the icteric and anicteric forms of leptospirosis infection have what common symptom?
conjunctival subfusion - redness w/o exudate
How is leptospirosis infection confirmed?
darkfield microscopy NOT gram stain
Treatment of leptospirosis is unique because what can occur as a result of the antibiotics?
jarish-herxheimer reaction
Are there any vaccines for leptospirosis?
not in the US, but foreign countries have it for local serovars
