bacteria infections in blood vasculature (3)

Question 1

what pathogen causes lyme disease? what is the vector?

Answer 1

b. burgdoferi causes lyme disease vectored by deer ticks

Question 2

how long does lyme disease require to transmit?

Answer 2

24 hours

Question 3

what are the 3 stages of lyme disease?

Answer 3

1. flu like wth erythema migrans rash
2. musculoskeletal and/or neurologic symptoms
3. additional neurolic symptoms, also post lyme sundrome with lingering neurological sequelae

Question 4

what are the first line treatments for lyme? what are the alternatives?

Answer 4

amoxicillin or doxycycline

alts: ceftriaxone, cefuroxime axetile

Question 5

how long should you treat some one for lyme?

Answer 5

10-30 days

Question 6

what two types of relapsing fever are there? what is more severe? which is more likely in us

Answer 6

louse or tick borne
louse is more severe
tick is more likely in US

Question 7

what disease is the following pathogenesis describing:
“Borrelia immediately enter bloodstream from bite site, repeated rounds of bacteremia and cleanup by IL10+neutralizing antibodies. has to combat antigenic variation by spirochete”

Answer 7

relapsing fever

Question 8

how would you diagnose relapsing fever (in a lab)

Answer 8

peripheral blood smear.

Question 9

when are the sphirochetes of relapsing fever usually visible on peripheral blood smear?

Answer 9

during febrile periods

Question 10

what antibiotic should be used to treat relapsing fever?

Answer 10

tetrcyclines (doxy)

Question 11

what reaction is caused by sucessful treatment of any spirochete?

Answer 11

a jarisch-herxheimer reaction

Question 12

what is the size/shape of the following
rickettsia
ehrlichia
anaplasma

Answer 12

all are small cocci to short rods

Question 13

how does the rickettsia diseases present?

Answer 13

with headache, fever and body aches

may present with rash or eschar (particularly in mediterranean spotted fever and scrub typhus)

Question 14

how should you remove a tick?

Answer 14

with tweezers while wearing gloves and prompty

Question 15

what disease are human the proper host AND reservoir?

Answer 15

only for epidemic typhus

Question 16

what is the name of the recrudescent form of epidemic typus?

Answer 16

brill zinsser disease

Question 17

within the cell, where does rickettsia divide?

Answer 17

throughout the cell

Question 18

within the cell, where does ehrlichia and anaplasma divide?

Answer 18

they form morulae in phagocytic vacuoles

Question 19

what is required to visualize rickettsia, ehrlichia and anaplasma?

Answer 19

microimmunofluorescent assay (blood and/or biopsy)

Question 20

what are the alternative treatments for pregnant women in:
rickettsia
ehrlichia, anaplsma

Answer 20

rickettsia-chloramphenicol

ehrlichia & anaplasma- fluoroquinolones

Question 21

name two ways that ehrlichia is similar to anaplasmosis?

Answer 21

both types of bacteria form morulae in infected cells

doxy is the first choice antibiotic

Question 22

list 3 ways that epidemic typus is different from the spotted fevers

Answer 22

• humans are the proper host for the bacteria
• lice and not ticks are the vector
• the disease often returns in recrudescent form

Question 23

what complicates the development of a vaccine for lyme disease?

Answer 23

immological reasons: the antibodies raised against lyme are not protective