Anaerobes (2)

Question 1

When are anaerobic infections typical?

Answer 1

after deep tissue trauma:

accidents, cancer, surgery, immunosuppression and IV drug use

Question 2

For which anaerobes are there vaccines?

Answer 2

ONLY tetanus

Question 3

Which anaerobes are rods?

Answer 3

ALL are rods

Question 4

Which anaerobes are gram +

Answer 4

all Clostridia and actinomyces

Question 5

Which anaerobes are gram -

Answer 5

bacteroides and prevotella

Question 6

which anaerobes are environmental?

Answer 6

C. Tetani, C botulinum, C perf

Question 7

Which anaerobes are anaerobes are part of our normal flora?

Answer 7

• Cdif
• bacteroides
• Prevotella
• Actinomyces
• Cperf

Question 8

C. Tetani and C botulinum produce neurotoxins with the same protease activity, but have opposite clinical effects, why? What is the subject of their neurotoxin?

Answer 8

-synaptobrevin II

C botulinum - acts in periphery against stimulatory nerves –> flaccid paralysis

C. tetani acts in CNS against inhibitory nerves –> spastic paralysis

Question 9

How are c. tetani and c. botulinum diagnosed?

Answer 9

by clinical exam

Question 10

How are c. tetani and C botulinum treated?

Answer 10

antitoxin which binds to and inactivates the neurotoxin

Question 11

What types of populations are common for ct. tetani and c. botulinum?

Answer 11

neonates, IV drug users, people with infected wounds

-also botulism is in contaminated canned food

Question 12

What bacteria causes gas gangrene?

Answer 12

c. perfringens

Question 13

which bacteria produce tissue degrading enzymes?

Answer 13

bacteroides and prevotella

Question 14

How are c. perfiringens, bacteroides, prevotella identified?

Answer 14

anaerobic culture and gas chromatography

Question 15

How are c. perfiringens, bacteroides, prevotella treated?

Answer 15

antibiotics PLUS surgical care

Question 16

Which anaerobic tissue degrading infection must be treated ASAP and why?

Answer 16

Gas gangrene: lethal exotoxemia

Question 17

What is the other disease that C perfiringens also causes besides gas gangrene?

Answer 17

food poisoning with enterotoxin

Question 18

What disease does C diff cause and when is it most likely?

Answer 18

• pseduomembranous colitis
• after antibiotic use
• often nosocomial

Question 19

What is the treatment for c diff infection?

Answer 19

change antibiotic and intervene surgically when necessary

Question 20

What type of symptoms does actinomyces create?

Answer 20

nodules containing pus with sulfur granules near mouth or colon

Question 21

What is the treatment for actinomyces infection?

Answer 21

penicillin and surgical care is usually necessary

Question 22

Which anaerobes form spores that cant be destroyed by normal disinfectant?

Answer 22

C. tetani, C botulinum, C. Diff, C. Perf

-all of the clostridia