Anaerobes (2) Flashcards

1
Q

When are anaerobic infections typical?

A

after deep tissue trauma:

accidents, cancer, surgery, immunosuppression and IV drug use

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2
Q

For which anaerobes are there vaccines?

A

ONLY tetanus

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3
Q

Which anaerobes are rods?

A

ALL are rods

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4
Q

Which anaerobes are gram +

A

all Clostridia and actinomyces

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5
Q

Which anaerobes are gram -

A

bacteroides and prevotella

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6
Q

which anaerobes are environmental?

A

C. Tetani, C botulinum, C perf

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7
Q

Which anaerobes are anaerobes are part of our normal flora?

A
  • Cdif
  • bacteroides
  • Prevotella
  • Actinomyces
  • Cperf
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8
Q

C. Tetani and C botulinum produce neurotoxins with the same protease activity, but have opposite clinical effects, why? What is the subject of their neurotoxin?

A

-synaptobrevin II

C botulinum - acts in periphery against stimulatory nerves –> flaccid paralysis

C. tetani acts in CNS against inhibitory nerves –> spastic paralysis

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9
Q

How are c. tetani and c. botulinum diagnosed?

A

by clinical exam

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10
Q

How are c. tetani and C botulinum treated?

A

antitoxin which binds to and inactivates the neurotoxin

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11
Q

What types of populations are common for ct. tetani and c. botulinum?

A

neonates, IV drug users, people with infected wounds

-also botulism is in contaminated canned food

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12
Q

What bacteria causes gas gangrene?

A

c. perfringens

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13
Q

which bacteria produce tissue degrading enzymes?

A

bacteroides and prevotella

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14
Q

How are c. perfiringens, bacteroides, prevotella identified?

A

anaerobic culture and gas chromatography

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15
Q

How are c. perfiringens, bacteroides, prevotella treated?

A

antibiotics PLUS surgical care

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16
Q

Which anaerobic tissue degrading infection must be treated ASAP and why?

A

Gas gangrene: lethal exotoxemia

17
Q

What is the other disease that C perfiringens also causes besides gas gangrene?

A

food poisoning with enterotoxin

18
Q

What disease does C diff cause and when is it most likely?

A
  • pseduomembranous colitis
  • after antibiotic use
  • often nosocomial
19
Q

What is the treatment for c diff infection?

A

change antibiotic and intervene surgically when necessary

20
Q

What type of symptoms does actinomyces create?

A

nodules containing pus with sulfur granules near mouth or colon

21
Q

What is the treatment for actinomyces infection?

A

penicillin and surgical care is usually necessary

22
Q

Which anaerobes form spores that cant be destroyed by normal disinfectant?

A

C. tetani, C botulinum, C. Diff, C. Perf

-all of the clostridia