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MSII: Microbio Unit 2 > Arboviruses (1) > Flashcards

Arboviruses (1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are arboviruses?

A

A group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropod vectors.

They are all RNA viruses

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of clinical syndromes of the mosquito- borne viruses?

A

1- Systemic febrile illness

2- Fever with arthritis

3- Encephalitis

4- Hemorrhagic fever

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3
Q

What are the 4 viruses that cause systemic febrile illness?

A

Chicungunya, O’nyong-nyong, Ross River, and Dengue

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4
Q

What are the 3 viruses that cause fever with arthritis?

A

Chicungunya, O’nyong-nyong, and Ross River

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5
Q

What are the 6 viruses that cause encephalitis?

A

JE, VEE, EEE, WEE, MVE, West nile virus

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6
Q

What 4 viruses cause hemorrhagic fever?

A

Yellow fever, Dengue, Rift Vally Fever, Chikungunya

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7
Q

What is the family and genera of the EEE virus?

A

Family= Togaviridae

Genera= alphavirus

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8
Q

What are the 4 members of the alpha virus family?

A

EEE (eastern USA), WEE (western USA), VEE (south america and north america), and everglades

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9
Q

Which alpha virus has the highest probability of developing encephalitis? The lowest probability?

A

EEE- highest

VEE- lowest

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10
Q

What are the mortality rate associated with EEE, WEE and VEE?

A

WEE: 5%

VEE: 35%

EEE: 50%

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11
Q

Describe the transmission cycle of EEE?

A

The host is birds, and the vector is mosquitos. Humans are horses are incidental hosts.

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of EEE?

A

Usually present in AUGUST. Fever, headache, mental status changes, stiff neck.

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13
Q

Family and genome of Japanese Encephalitis virus?

A

Family: Flavaviridiae

Genome: ssRNA (+)

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14
Q

T/F: There is more than 1 serotype for JE virus?

A

False…it circulates as 1 serotype but has 5 different genotypes.

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15
Q

What is the vector for JE? Also describe some characteristics of the vector.

A

Culex mosquitos.

Night feeders that live in rice fields, marshes and small collections of water. They are prevalent in the rainy season. They pass on their virus to other mosquitos vertically and sexually.

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16
Q

Natural hosts of the JE virus?

A

Pig and migrating birds and domestic fowl

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17
Q

What is special about the pig host of JE?

A

Prolonged and high titer viremia which is asymptomatic.

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18
Q

Accidental hosts of JE?

A

Humans and horses

19
Q

What are the two transmission patterns of JE?

A

Seasonal transmission (april- july): prevalent in japan, china, taiwan, korea, n. vietnam, and thailand

Year round transmission: S. vietnam, thailand, india, indonesia, malaysia, philippines, sri lanka

20
Q

Incidence and deaths per year of JE?

A

50,000 cases per year

10, 000 deaths per year.

These numbers are underreported though.

21
Q

Incubation period of JE virus?

A

6-16 days

22
Q

How long does the JE prodrome last and what are the symptoms?

A

2-3 days

Headache, fever, chills, anorexia, N/V, dizziness

23
Q

How long does acute JE last and what are the symptoms?

A

3-4 days

High fevers, seizures, dull flat mask like faces, unblinking eyes, tremor, hypertonia, abnormal behavior, acute flaccid paralysis

24
Q

How long does subacute JE and convalescence last? What are the symptoms?

A

Subacute: 7-10 days

Convalescence: 4- 7 weeks

Symptoms: tremors, paresis, incoordination, pathogenic reflexes, lip smacking, rapidly changing CNS

25
Q

What indicates a poor prognosis with JE?

A

Respiratory dysfunction, prolonged seizures and fevers, albuminuria

Infectious virus in CSF

Low IgM in CSF

26
Q

What are the vaccines for JE?

A

JE- Vax: no longer available because SAEs

IXIARO: Purified inactivated vaccine, 2 doses (28 days apart)

27
Q

Family, genus, and genome of yellow fever virus?

A

Family: Flaviviridiae

Genus: Flavavirus

Genome: single open reading frame

28
Q

Where did yellow fever virus originate? Where is it found now?

A

Originated in Africa.

Geographic localization to tropical regions of Africa and South America in the amazon region

29
Q

Host and vector for yellow fever virus?

A

Host: nonhuman primate and humans

Vector: mosquito

30
Q

Yellow fever virus incubation period?

A

Incubation period: 3-6 days

31
Q

Clinical features of the acute phase of yellow fever virus?

A

mild nonspecific, febrile illness

symptoms last for 3 days and there is a period of viremia

32
Q

Clinical features of hemorrhagic period of yellow fever virus?

A

“coffee ground” hematemesis, melena, metorrhagia, petechiae, eccymoses

volume depletion, renal failure, liver failure

death usually occurs on 7th -10th day

33
Q

How long does the convalescent phase of yellow fever virus infection last and what are the symptoms?

A

Lasts 1-2 weeks

increased serum transaminase levels can persist of 2 months after illness

Late death can occur because cardiac and renal complications

34
Q

What are the 3 adverse reactions to the YF vaccine?

A

Immediate hypersensitivity or anaphlactic reaction

YF Vaccine associated neurologic disease (YF-AND)

YF vacine associated viscerotropic disease (YF-AVD)

35
Q

When does the YF-AVD reaction typically occur?

A

3-5 days after vaccination

36
Q

Family and genus of dengue fever virus?

A

Family: Flaviviridiae

Genus: Flavivirus

37
Q

How many serotypes of dengue fever virus are there?

A

4 serotypes, all are antigenically distinct.

38
Q

Of you are infected and recover from one serotype are yoy safe from future infection from other serotypes?

A

No, actually at much greater increased risk for developing hemorrhagic dengue fever

39
Q

What is the vector of Dengue fever? What are some characteristics of

A

Aedes aegypti mosquito.

It is an urban mosquito that is a daytime feeder and prefers humans for its bloodmeal

40
Q

What is the incubation period of dengue fever?

A

2-7 days

41
Q

Symtoms of dengue fever virus?

A

High fever (that lasts 6-7 days and has associated flu like symptoms)

retrobulbar pain, lumbosacral aching pain, conjunctival congestion, facial flushing, generalized macular rash (on first or second day) and a secondary rash (on day 3-5), leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

42
Q

Symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever?

A

petechia, epistaxis, intestinal bleeding, menorrhagia, positive tourniquet sign

43
Q

Symtoms of the shock syndrome associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever?

A

Intravascular volume depletion from plasma leakage into 3rd space or blood loss

Cardiovascular collapse is possible

44
Q

What is the most common arbovirus causing human infection in subtropical and tropical regions?

A

Dengue fever virus

MSII: Microbio Unit 2 (10 decks)

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