YR10 Genetics - Topic Test 3

Question 1

genotype

g e n

Answer 1

genetic information carried by an individual in pairs (pairs of genes or a combination)

Question 2

phenotype

the way

Answer 2

the way characteristics/genotypes are expressed; observable characteristics of an individual (physical, visible)

Question 3

heterozygous

homologous chromosomes

Answer 3

having two different genes on homologous chromosomes

Question 4

homozygous

homologous chromosomes

Answer 4

having two identical genes on a homologous chromome

Question 5

pure breeding

g e n

Answer 5

where all individuals have the same genetic information for a characteristic generation after generation

Question 6

3 patterns of inheritance

Answer 6

dominant/recessive
sex-linked inheritance
incomplete dominance

Question 7

sex-linked inheritance

x not y

Answer 7

sex-linked traits are ones that are inherited on the x-chromosome but not the y-chromosome.
e.g. haemophilia, colourblindness

Question 8

trait

i c

Answer 8

inherited characteristics

Question 9

allele
a l t
same point

Answer 9

alternative form of the same gene: e.g. eye colour (brown, blue)
they are located at the same point of homologous chromosomes

Question 10

dominant
trait observed
1 allele

Answer 10

the trait that is observed in the outward appearance of a heterozygous individual
a characteristic that will always be observed when at least one copy of the allele is present
e.g. huntington’s disease

Question 11

recessive
trait hidden
homozygous

Answer 11

the trait that can be hidden if the dominant gene is present. can only be seen in a homozygous condition.
e.g. cystic fibrosis

Question 12

autosome

Answer 12

all chromosomes except the sex chromosomes

Question 13

carrier

Answer 13

a person or other organism that has inherited a recessive allele for a genetic trait or mutation but usually does not display that trait or show symptoms of the disease.

Question 14

incomplete dominance

Answer 14

expresses the two alleles but also blends the two traits.

Question 15

co-dominant

Answer 15

expresses both alleles simultaneously but without any blending

Question 16

chromosomes

Answer 16

structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 17

heredity

Answer 17

is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring

asexual or sexual

Question 18

mendel’s experiments

he experimented principles of inheritance because he…

Answer 18

Mendel did thousands of cross-breeding experiments.

Ignored all characteristics expect a few markedly contrasting ones which he studied

Question 19

karyotype

Answer 19

an individual’s collection of chromosomes

Question 20

true breeding

Answer 20

A true breeding is a kind of breeding where in the parents would produce offspring that would carry the same phenotype

Question 21

pedigree

Answer 21

a diagram that depicts the biological relationships between an organism and its ancestors.

Question 22

gamete

Answer 22

Gametes are an organism’s reproductive cells. They are also referred to as sex cells