YR10 Evolution and Natural Selection Topic Test

Question 1

Natural Selection

Answer 1

the process in which environmental factors acts on a population and results in some organisms having a greater chance of survival and producing more offspring than others

Question 2

Artificial Selection

Answer 2

the process in which people choose to breed particular organisms with desirable features; also known as selective breeding

Question 3

Comparative Anatomy

Answer 3

the science of comparing the structures of a species with others and looking for similarities and differences

Question 4

Variation

Answer 4

differences in characteristics due to different genes

Question 5

Selection Pressure

Answer 5

the effect of an environmental factor that acts on a population during natural selection

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

a number of the same species living in a given habitat

Question 7

Darwins 5 points

Answer 7

1. populations have natural variations
2. some variations are favourable
3. Many more offspring are produced than survive
4. Those that survive have favourable traits
5. A population will change over time

Question 8

Gene Pool

Answer 8

a selection of genes in a population

Question 9

Evolution

Answer 9

genetic changes that have occurred in a species over time

Question 10

What did Charles Darwin do?

“ “

Answer 10

studied birds (finches) in the galapagos islands and discovered evolution due to the fact many of them had different beaks for different prey/food.
e.g. thicker beaks were able to eat hard nuts, skinny and pointed ones could eat bugs and sharper they could stab and eat fruit.
each of the beaks were adapted to the type of food in which they could eat specifically in their environment

created “survival of the fittest” which was known as natural selection which lead to evolution

Question 11

Favourable Genes

Answer 11

Favourable genetic traits in a population are determined by the environment.
e.g. an environment has been covered in ash, black moths are more likely to survive with their dark traits whereas the lighter ones won’t

Question 12

independent variable

Answer 12

what you deliberately change

Question 13

controlled variable

Answer 13

what is kept the same

Question 14

dependent variable

Answer 14

what is measured

Question 15

hypothesis

Answer 15

idea or explanation that you then test through study and experimentation

Question 16

adaptations

Answer 16

changes in the body to fit the animal’s location

a characteristic to enable an organism to survive in it’s environment

Question 17

mutations

Answer 17

occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene.

Question 18

huntington’s disease

Answer 18

there are two main reasons for the persistence of Huntington’s in human populations: mutation coupled with weak selection.
Since it is the dominant allele, individuals with just one parent with Huntingtons’s chorea have a 50-50 chance of developing the disease themselves.

Question 19

analogous and homologous structures

Answer 19

analogous: same function but not closely related e.g. wings of animals. they can fly but each can have different bone structure beneath or different lengths etc. meaning it looks similar but the structure is different
homologous: similar structure but different function - same ancestor e.g. a dolphins flipper, a bird’s wing, a cat’s leg

Question 20

molecular evidence : DNA

Answer 20

Molecular evolution is the process of change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations. The field of molecular evolution uses principles of evolutionary biology and population genetics to explain patterns in these changes.

Molecular similarities provide evidence for the shared ancestry of life. DNA sequences comparisons can show how closely species are related.