YR10 Cells - Topic Test 1 Flashcards
Cell Membrane
Surrounds the cell and controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell.
Cell Wall
Found outside the cell membrane in only plant cells and provides support for the cell.
Chloroplast
Found in plant cells. Contain chlorophyll that absorbs light for photosynthesis.
Cytoplasm
Where most of the chemical reactions take place in a cell and includes everything inside the cell except the nucleus.
Mitochondria
Where aerobic respiration takes place, converts ATP into glucose, this process is known as respiration
Nucleus
Contains DNA and controls cell activities
Ribosomes
Where protein synthesis occurs.
Vacuole
Found in plant cells. Contain a fluid called cell sap Stores fluids, nutrients and waste.
Cell
Basic unit that makes up all living things
Chlorophyll
Green substance found inside chloroplasts. It allows a plant to photosynthesize make its own food.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Controls what goes in and out of the cell. Proteins are made here
Two things found in a plant cell that isn’t in an animal cell
Cell wall and chloroplast
How does the shape of a plant cell differ from that of an animal cell?
A plant cell has a cell wall which helps it maintain a rigid structure whereas an animal cell has no cell wall
Photosynthesis Formula
carbon dioxide + water + light energy = oxygen + glucose
Respiration Formula
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + ATP energy
similarities of a plant and animal cell
vacuoles, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribsomes, golgi body
differences of a plant and animal cell
vauoles are noticably bigger in a plant cell, plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplast
difference between cytosol and cytoplasm
cytosol is a jelly-like substance that surrounds the organelles whereas cytoplasm is everything inside the cell except the nucleus
what is DNA
stands for deoxyribonuleic acid and they code the making of proteins
nucleolus
found inside the nucleus, in charge of making proteins in the nucleus
difference between rough and smooth ER
rough ER has ribosomes attached. smooth ER creates lipids needed by the cell
why are lysosomes important
they are filled with acid enzymes and absorb unwanted substances in the cell and break them down
difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
prokaryotic cells have no nucleus circular DNA and no membrance bound organelles (bacteria) whereas eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, linear DNA and membrane bound organelles (animals and humans)
respiration key factors
happens all the time, occurs in the mitochondria, happens in all cells
light dependent stage
light energy splits water to form oxygen and hydrogen
light independent stage
the hydrogn combines with carbon dioxide to form glucose, a simple sugar made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
two stages of photosynthesis
light dependent stage and light independent stage
anaerobic respiration
when there is no oxygen available, cells can obtain energy through this process e.g. fermentation (alcohol)
lactic acid fementation
occurs when oxygen isn’t available. occurs in animals and humans, also has 2 ATP molecules
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
alcohol femenation
occurs in yeasts and some bacteria. produces alcohol and carbon dioxide (which is used to form ATP). glucose - pyruvic acid - alcohol + carbon dioxide + water
aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen - 36 ATP + carbon dioxide + water
where does the light dependent stage occur
thylakoid
where does the light independent stage occur
stroma
independant variable
what you deliberatly change
dependant variable
what is measured (CO2)
controlled variable
what is kept the same (amount of water)
which flask has the most carbon dioxide
the one with the plastic plant and fish because the fish is breathing out co2 and the plant is fake so it can’t intake the co2
which flask has the most oxygen
the one with only pond weed because respiration is occuring in the plant meaning oxygen is being made and theres nothing else in the flask to use up the oxygen
in aerobic celluar respiration, what three major steps are involved?
glycolysis, krebs cycle and electron transport chain
glycolysis respiration happens in the what
cytoplasm
krebs cycle and the electron transport chain occur in the what
mitochondria
centrioles
Centrioles are paired barrel-shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells
They play a role in organising microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system.
golgi apparatus
an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells
packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination.
organelle
is a membrane bound structure found within a cell.
plant cell
eukaryotic cells present in green plants
animal cell
type of eukaryotic cell that lacks a cell wall. It has a true, membrane-bound nucleus along with other cellular organelles.
bacterial cell
Bacteria are prokaryotes, lacking well-defined nuclei and membrane-bound organelles, and with chromosomes composed of a single closed DNA circle. They come in many shapes and sizes
