yr1- booklet 4, 5, 6

Question 1

Coalition govt

Answer 1

-10 coalitions from feb 1919- Nov 1923
-1919-1920= SPD led
-1920-23= Z and DVP led

Question 2

Crushed Spartacist revolt

Answer 2

-150 korps, 400k men

Question 3

Threats from the left 1920-21

Answer 3

-1920= red army (50k workers) vs Freirkorps, 1000 workers kills
-1921 KPD tried to force a revolution & strike disruption spread to Ruhr & Hamburg. Crushed by police and 145 killed

Question 4

Kapp-luttwitz putsch

Answer 4

-Feb 1920 govt ordered 2 Freikorps to disband (ToV) they refused
-12 March 1920, 12k Freikorps march on Berlin
-Wolfgang Kapp (DNVP) supported bc wanted to seize power
-army didn’t help govt

Question 5

response to Kapp Putsch

Answer 5

-Bauer fled and Kapp became chancellor
-But there was a general strike so country didn’t run (4 days) and Kapp fled the country
-only 1 out of 750 people involved as ‘ringleaders’ in the putsch was punished

Question 6

Organisation Consul

Answer 6

-political assassinations by the far right
-Erzberger (Z- signed armistice/ ToV) & Rathenau (DDP- Jewish/ signed armistice) killed
-354 assassinations 1919-23
-Banned in 1922 but only 1 severely punished

Question 7

Munich Putsch

Answer 7

-8th November 1923
-Hitler/ Nazis took control of beer hall meeting- Kahr & Lossow supposed to help but pulled out
-9th Nov- tried to take Munich but was crushed by Bavarian Police
-14 Nazis killed
-Hitler imprisoned for 5 years, released after 9 months

Question 8

Stresemann

Answer 8

-DVP
-Chancellor 1923 (great coalition- dvp, ddp, z, spd)
-Nov 1923 stepped down as chancellor but remained foreign minister
-died 1929

Question 9

Stresemann’s economic actions

Answer 9

-called off Ruhr Passive resistance 1923
-released rentenmark Nov 1923 then Aug 1924 renamed Reichsmark backed by gold equivalent
-Reduced salaries of CS, Marx then sacked 300k in 1924

Question 10

Dawes plan

Answer 10

-1924 July
-reparation manageable by:
>reduced annual amount to 1000 mill, increase to 2500 mill by 1929
>USA to lend 800mill marks
-French left Ruhr 1924-5

Question 11

benefitted from econ recovery

Answer 11

-cartels= businesses who worked together etc
-living standards rose: 1927 real wages rose by 7% then 12% in 1928
-loans to finance schls: 1925= 178,930 dwellings built

Question 12

lost out in econ recovery

Answer 12

-1928 dispute abt wages in coal/steel industries= locked out for 4 weeks
-unemployment= 1mill 1925, 3 mill 1926
-m/c were ruined by hyperinflation
-farmers= worldwide agricultural depression

Question 13

Young Plan

Answer 13

-1929
-Ger pay reparations until 1988
-total reduced from £6.6bill to £1.8bill
-Br/ Fr leave Rhineland earlier

Question 14

response to Young Plan

Answer 14

-Nationalist outrage
-Hugenburg (DNVP) & Hitler launched campaign against War Guilt Clause and recovery of taken areas
-4 mill signatures but Reichstag rejected it

Question 15

Berlin Nightclubs (1924-8)

Answer 15

-Vibrant, gay, nude
-USA Jazz/ black music
-The Eldorado was called ‘a supermarket for eroticism’
-heavily criticised from the right

Question 16

Art (1924-8)

Answer 16

-expressionism
-used as social commentary
-Franz Marc, Otto Dix
-the right thought they were untraditional

Question 17

Music (1924-8)

Answer 17

-expressionism/ avoid tradition
-Hindesmith & Schoenberg were key ppl
-Right were critical as classical trad used for upper class

Question 18

literature (1924-8)

Answer 18

-expressionist
-focused on internal mental state rather than external society
-Thomas Mann
-all quiet on the western front
-right didn’t like

Question 19

Architecture (1924-8)

Answer 19

-Bauhaus 1919 was key in dev art etc
-Einstein building, Gropius etc
-right wouldn’t like as modern culture was seen as ungerman

Question 20

Theatre (1924-8)

Answer 20

-Expressionism
-symbolic & political, attacked capitalism, nationalism, war
-The Threepenny Opera, Discator
-some ppl booed etc

Question 21

Film (1924-8)

Answer 21

-Ger important for world cinema, modern techniques
-Blue Angel, Metropolis, Charlie Chaplin
-1926 Law was passed to protect children from Pulp Fiction and porn

Question 22

social welfare reform

Answer 22

-1924 public assistance system modernised (help poor)
-1925 state accident insurance system (payments if injured at work)
-1927 National Unemployment insurance system (benefits for unemployed)

Question 23

problems of social welfare reforms

Answer 23

-expensive and included pensions for 360k war widows and 900k orphans
-afforded it by sacking 300k CS and raising taxes

Question 24

change in women’s employment/ opportunity

Answer 24

-constitution= equality in voting and education
-equal pay
-changing gender balance (2mill (young men) dead)
-war opportunities, 1923, 36% of workforce was female

Question 25

continuity of women’s employment and opportunity

Answer 25

-civil code (1896) remained= husband decide fam life
-BDF promoted trad values

Question 26

Change in women’s sexual freedom

Answer 26

-birth control more widely available
-divorce increased
-abortions increased e.g. 1 mill by 1930

Question 27

continuity in women’s sexual freedom

Answer 27

-BR declines, attacked by conservative press as brith strike
-abortion was a criminal offence
-catholics/ protestants opposed bc etc

Question 28

change in women’s political involvement in public life

Answer 28

-equal voting rights and right to reichstag deputies e.g. 1919, 41 female deputies
-women active in local govt

Question 29

continuity in women’s political involvement in public life

Answer 29

-no female rep in reichstrat
-no female cabinet member
-only KPD made gender equality a part of manifesto

Question 30

change in youth employment & opportunity

Answer 30

-fewer apprenticeships= unemployed
-1925 to 1926, 17% unemployed 14-21
-many joined gangs e.g. eagles claw

Question 31

change in youth education

Answer 31

-aims to break these divides and provide free edu
-all children attended first 4 years of edu
-if pass exam go onto gymnasium 9elite schl), if not continue for 4 more years

Question 32

continuity in youth education

Answer 32

-didn’t succeed in removing interference of church
-gymnasiums created class divisions

Question 33

change in youth groups

Answer 33

-political groups became common e.g. young communist league

Question 34

continuity in youth groups

Answer 34

-wandervogel= nature, mc boys who liked to hike and were nationalists
-church youth boys= promoted the church

Question 35

change in jews in politics and public life (press)

Answer 35

-achieved prominence in many areas of Weimar culture (film etc), but also banking etc
-only 1% of pop

Question 36

continuity in jews in politics and public life (press)

Answer 36

-had been well established in politics pre 1914 and this continued (largely lw)
-The Berliner Tageblatt (jewish newspaper)
-prominent in SPD/ KPD e.g. Rosa Luxemburg

Question 37

change in jews in the economy

Answer 37

-became more successful in retail & other jobs e.g. law, doctors, academia
-e.g. Rothschild and other jewish families owned 50% of private banks

Question 38

continuity in jews in banking

Answer 38

number of jews in banking declined, made up 18% of banking sector in germany (less than pre-1914)

Question 39

change in jewish assimilation/ anti-semitism

Answer 39

-heightened through rw protests/ propaganda
-surged against Jewish financers during hyperinflation

Question 40

continuity in jewish assimilation/ anti-semitism

Answer 40

-ideas of assimilation to Ger culture
-gave up relig aspects e.g. married non-jewish but was still seen as alien