year 1- booklet 10,11,12

Question 1

Nazi support

Answer 1

-Before 1929 was primarily the Mittelstand, white collar workers etc: worried abt communist, disillusioned with DNVP/DVP
-farmers: appealed to rural discontent, promise of higher prices etc
-general appeal to youth and women

Question 2

female and youth support for nazis

Answer 2

-female= July 1932 higher F than M votes, 6.5mill, followed husbands lead
-youth= 1925-32 most under 29, SA was seen as commaradory/ rebel

Question 3

rural & urban support for Nazis

Answer 3

-rural= promised tariffs, farmers mentioned in manifesto, promised higher prices, 68% of support in NW district
-urban= unsuccessful in gaining support as were less susceptible to propaganda

Question 4

wc and mc support for Nazis

Answer 4

-wc= most voted left (unions), 1930 27% votes were manual labourers
-mc= feared communism (kpd= 5mill), new party untainted by republic, support from DNVP/ DVP

Question 5

1932 Presidential election

Answer 5

-Hindenburg re-elected by 2nd round
-Hitler achieved 37%
-used plans: ‘Hitler over Germany’
-beat Hindenburg in rural areas
-w/c votes were critical (they swapped to KPD from SPD)

Question 6

importance of Hitler for Nazi success

Answer 6

-undisputed control of party:
>leadership cult, charismatic/ opportunistic
-oratorical skills:
-long speeches, hypnotic, played on emotions
-opportunistic:
>messages changed depending on audience

Question 7

importance of anti-semitism for nazi success

Answer 7

-jews used as scapegoats
-depression seen as ‘jewish capitalism’
-SA beat up jews
-HOWEVER: 2hr speech to business men= no antisemitism mentioned

Question 8

importance of Propaganda for Nazi success

Answer 8

-Goebbels
-travelled by plane
-newspapers etc
-Hugenburg & Thyssen funded for propaganda etc

Question 9

factors impacting the appeal of nazism

Answer 9

-power of the will: Nazis seen as force for change
-fuhrerpinzig: Hitler planned to destroy Weimar rep bc it was democratic etc
-struggle & war: conflict between races etc
-volksgemeinschaft: cultural revolution/ community
-national socialism: gain wc support but never committed to 25 point plan
-aggressive nationalism: Lebensraum needed
-anti-semitism: ‘parasite’ to germany

Question 10

appeal of communism

Answer 10

-gained 2 mill votes, large in industrial areas, changed focus to the unemployed
-hunger marches against benefit cuts, Red Front as paramilitary wing

Question 11

revolutionary communist ideology

Answer 11

-establish a workers state
-end cuts to benefits/ wages
-cooperation w/ USSR
-end military spending and legalise abortion
-thought depression was end of capitalism and revolution inevitable
-didn’t like SPD

Question 12

KPD strengths

Answer 12

-propaganda worked- attacked SPD
-support peaked Nov 1932 w/ 16.9%
-success at street level

Question 13

KPD weaknesses

Answer 13

-no revolution
-50% of members left in first few months of 1932
-no support from outside industrial
-unemployed= underfunded
-too focussed on SPD= ignore nazis
-scared ppl into voting Nazi

Question 14

end of Bruning and Von Papen as chancellor

Answer 14

-Schleicher withdrew support and was fearful of Nazi uprising but govt needed Nazi support
-Hitler refused coalitions unless he was chancellor
-Hitler offered potential support if SA ban lifted & new election
-Bruning resigned May 1932, von papen replaced him

Question 15

Von Papen

Answer 15

-hard right views
-increased presidential controls to near dictatorship
-SA ban lifted June 1932
-very little support in Reichstag- only DNVP
-election July 1932

Question 16

July 1932 election

Answer 16

-moderates and DVP/DNVP lost votes
-Nazi vote grew from 18& to37% (mc, new voters) - this was their peak but still no maj

Question 17

aftermath of July 1932 election

Answer 17

-Hitler rejected coalition
-Hitler only wanted to be chancellor
-passed no confidence in Von Papen
-new election Nov 1932

Question 18

November 1932 election

Answer 18

-Nazis lost 2 mill votes to 33% (mc alienated by refusal to join coalition)
-Nazi funds exhausted
-KPD vote increased
-Von Papen was weak, no one supported him

Question 19

Schleicher

Answer 19

-became chancellor dec 1932-jan 33
-Hindenburg put him in the role, was not backed by anyone else
-aimed to split the Nazis: Strasser (member of Nazis) offered Vice Chancellor
-hoped to gain SPD support: job creation, benefits implemented
-asked Hindenburg for dictorial powers

Question 20

end of Schleicher as chancellor

Answer 20

-resigned after hindenburg refused to assign dictorial power
-Papen and Hitler negotiate, Hindenburg persuaded to put Hitler as Chancellor as thought could control

Question 21

Hitler as Chancellor

Answer 21

-30th Jan 1933
-Von Papen= vice chancellor
-hugenburg= economy/ food
-only 2 other Nazis in cabinet (expected of a non-nazi dom govt)

Question 22

use of Nazi terror

Answer 22

-SA expanded from 500k to 3mill in a year
-merged SA & Stalhelm
-violence on SPD & KPD, meetings, figures attacked
-concentration camps= Dachau March 1933, 70 camps by July

Question 23

Reichstag fire

Answer 23

-Feb 27th 1933
-Van Der Lubbe (dutch communist)
-played into MC fears (Nazis portrayed it as start of revolution)

Question 24

Decree for the Protection of the People and the State

Answer 24

-28th Feb 1933
-emergency powers
-arrest and detain w/o charge
-freedom of speech/ assembly suspended
-KPD/ SPD driven underground, KPD membership was treason
-10k communists arrested in 2 weeks

Question 25

March 1933 election

Answer 25

-large propaganda schemes
-44% for Nazis (needed 2/3 to change constitution)
-DNVP allies 8%
-SPD/ KPD votes still held up well

Question 26

Enabling act

Answer 26

-23rd March 1933
-pass decrees w/o president/ reichstag for 4 years
-Required 2/3 maj= Nazis and DNVP seats
-KPD excluded, SA intimidation, Z supported (guarantee of relig freedom)
-444 in favour (83%)

Question 27

limits to Hitler

Answer 27

-Hindenburg
-economic crisis
-army
-aristocracy who feared a Nazi revolution and thought SA was a threat (Hitler needed economic growth so downplayed threat of SA)
-industrialists who feared the anti-capitalist rhetoric in Nazis