Consolidation of power Mar 1933- Aug 1934

Question 1

Hitler’s position after the November 1932 election

Answer 1

-33% for Nazis (4% drop, lost 2 mill votes)
-NSDAP= 196 seats
-Hitler as chancellor Jan 1933

Question 2

Hitler’s position as Chancellor

Answer 2

-Article 48- reliant on Hindenburg
-3/12 ministers were Nazi
-no majority in Reichstag to push through policies

Question 3

Reichstag fire

Answer 3

-Feb 27th 1933
-Allegedly by Van Der Lubbe (Dutch communist)
-Hindenburg was persuaded to issue ‘decree for the protection of people and state’
-KPD outlawed, freedom of speech/ assembly suspended

Question 4

Outcome of the March 1933 election

Answer 4

-44% Nazis, 8% Nationalists (Majority BUT…)
-KPD not allowed to take seats
-Pressure on Z party to allow Enabling Act
-23rd March 1933 Enabling At (laws without consent of Reichstag of President) 444 to 94 maj

Question 5

One party state

Answer 5

-KPD effectively banned after Reichstag fire (Feb)
-SPD outlawed as a ‘party hostile to the nation’ (June)
-DNVP & Z dissolved themselves
-14th July 1933 Law Against Formation of New Political Parties

Question 6

Centralisation of Power

Answer 6

-Goering= reich commissioner
-23rd March 1933= Enabling Act
-31st March 1933= First Law for the Coordination of the Federal States (regional parliaments dissolved)
-7th April 1933= Second Law for the Coordination of the Federal States= a new post of Reich Governor to oversee govt of states who answered to the minister of the interior

Question 7

The Law for the Reconstruction of the Reich

Answer 7

-30th Jan 1934
-state assemblies abolished and govt of the states formally under central govt control
-RG’s remained but with little power
-14th Feb 1934= Reichsrat abolished

Question 8

Civil service control

Answer 8

-originally had a lot of influence/ power
-many officials were replaced by Nazis w/ little exp & SA ensured they carried out Nazi orders

Question 9

Hindenburg’s death

Answer 9

-He had considered handing power over to the army and dismissing Hitler
-Hitler wanted to create the position of Fuhrer (pres and chancellor)
-Hindenburg died 2nd August 1934
-plebiscite confirmed the changes with 10.1% rejecting Hitler as Fuhrer

Question 10

first examples of discrimination/ camps

Answer 10

-socialists/communists sent to Dachau (created March 1933)
-1st April 1933 Jewish shops boycotted for a day
-1933 book by unsuitable authors were burned

Question 11

Rohm

Answer 11

-leader of SA
-wanted to integrate the SA and army
-Himmler was jealous of Rohm so created the idea that Rohm was planning a coup
-Rohm was killed in the NoLK

Question 12

SA (benefit or threat)

Answer 12

-benefit= violence of his supporters, piecemeal violence was a vital tool
-threat= he wasn’t in control of their actions, it was uncontrolled so their usefulness was limited

Question 13

victims of NoLK and impact on the SA

Answer 13

-84 were executed, 1000 arrested
-Rohm, schleicher, strasser
-membership of SA declines (OCT 1935, 1.6mill), it’s political power was destroyed without Rohm and the SS became more important
-30th june- 2nd july1934