Nazi social policy

Question 1

Hitler’s aims

Answer 1

-create a classless volksgemeinschaft (aryans)
-essential in the struggle against jews and bolshevism
-Gleichschaltung (coordination) crucial

Question 2

policies towards teachers

Answer 2

-Law for the Re-establishment of a Professional Civil Service 1933= jewish teachers dismissed
-NSLB= National Socialist Teachers League
-1935 Ministry of Education enforced what could be taught (Nazified)

Question 3

Policies towards the curriculum

Answer 3

-racial health= focus on PE
-Emphasis of race and evolution and the survival of the fittest
-questions around disabled people/ jews
-Lebensraum pushed in georgraphy

Question 4

policies towards universities

Answer 4

-rationing of Uni places meant selection made on political reliability
-15% of university staff dismissed due to law of re-establishment of CS
-25% of students avoided German Students League
-students to do 4 month labour service
-co-ordination easy due to post-grad opportunities depending on politics

Question 5

Hitler Youth

Answer 5

-compulsory in 1939
-oath to Fuhrer
-indoctrination, rituals, rallies
-8.75 mill
-late 1930s enthusiasm waned due to strict discipline

Question 6

BDM

Answer 6

-compulsory 1939
-indoctrination, good wives, faith, beauty
-1934 girls made to do 1 year domestic/ land services and became compulsory 1939 for women under 25

Question 7

aims for workers

Answer 7

-eliminate trade unions
-coordinate leisure time
-productivity
-war economy

Question 8

DAF

Answer 8

-Trade unions shut 2nd May 1933
-DAF= 6th May 1933 by Rob Ley
-only organisation for workers- didn’t debate pay/ conditions like TU had
-inc both employees/ employers
-1936 35 mill members

Question 9

KDF

Answer 9

-subsidiary to DAF
-regulated leisure time through subsidised activities e.g. cinema trips
-strength through joy
-1936= 35 mill

Question 10

Mass tourism

Answer 10

-cruises/ trains across europe
-classless, obey instructions, conservative (SS on board)
-expensive= 10% of cruise to Norway were WC
-little class mixing
-mass drunkenness/ riots e.g. Rob Ley

Question 11

SdA

Answer 11

-brought better facilities in factories (canteen, hot food, washroom) to encourage hard work
-1938, 34k companies had made improvements
-but changes were made by workers, unpaid

Question 12

aims for women

Answer 12

-anti-emancipation
-restrict women’s employment
-raise BR

Question 13

work/marriage schemes for women

Answer 13

-marriage loans for those married to Aryans and left work- repayment reduced by 1/4 every child had
-medals for having children= 4/5 children for bronze
-Birth control discouraged

Question 14

DFW

Answer 14

-German Women’s league 1933
-taught domestic science e.g. cooking
-1939= 6 mill members but 70% weren’t Nazis

Question 15

NS-F

Answer 15

-Nationalist Socialist Women’s Organisation
-elite organisation to promote ‘lovelife, marriage, blood, race’
-propaganda promoted nazi ideology of role of women as childbearers

Question 16

RMD

Answer 16

-Reich Mother’s Service
-training mothers to convince them of the importance of their duties of motherhood
-March 1939, 1.7mill attendees

Question 17

Protestant/ Reich Church

Answer 17

-often conservative, anti-semitic, and Nazi support came from Protestant N/E
-Muller became Reich Bishop
-Nov 1933 Ger church bodies celebrated formation of Reich Church where they declared the dismissal of non-aryans
-‘Aryan Paragraph’= 18 pastors who had converted from Judaism were dismissed

Question 18

Confessional church

Answer 18

-protestant
-1933 Neimolar/ Bonhoeffer & 5000 priests formed it to oppose state interference in church
-Nazi reactions:
>1935 ministry for church affairs created, abolish church schls arrest Neimolar, by 1939 5% ‘God believers’

Question 19

Catholics

Answer 19

-answered to the pope
-Concordat July 1933

Question 20

Nazi actions against the Catholics

Answer 20

-1933 put priests under surveillance
-NOLK leading catholics were killed e.g. Fritz Gerlich
-1939 Catholic schls converted

Question 21

Catholic opposition

Answer 21

-1935/6 Clemens von Galen spoke against the Nazis
-1937 Pope Pius XI issued ‘With Burning Grief’ encyclical against the Nazis
-Nazi response:
>public meetings restricted, Goebbels campaigned abt financial and sexual corruptions (200 priests arrested)

Question 22

were Nazi social policies a success?

Answer 22

-50% of ppl regarded 1933-39 psoitively
-However: loss of freedom, living standards fell, class still present
-experience under the Nazis depended on who you were