YR 9 - Renaissance (MTT): Approaches to prevention and treatments Flashcards
What were the Medieval treatments?
Rational treatments:
- Bleeding
- Purging
Religious treatments:
- Self-flagellation
- Pilgrimages (to holy relics)
- Prayer
- Wearing charms
Supernatural teatments:
- Bathing with fox
- Astrology
- Wearing charms
What treatments haven’t changed since c1250-1500?
- Bleeding
- Purging
- Sweating
Define the term ‘Transference’.
The belief that a disease or illness can be transferred to something else through physical touch e.g., if you rubbed an object on an ailment (such as a boil), the disease would transfer from you to the object.
Define the term ‘New World’.
- North and South America.
- Europeans were only aware of their exsistance from 1492.
How herbal remedies changed?
- Remedies were chosen based on their colours and shapes e.g to treat jaundice you eat radish, saffron
- New herbal remedies started to appear from other counries
- New plants were discovered from the New World
- Some physicians believed that herbs from a specific country would be able to cure diseases that came from that country
- Thomas Sydenham populatised the use of cinchona, from Peru, in treating malaria, which was an effective remedy if used even after the disease seemed to be gone
What is alchemy?
Alchemy is the study of medical chemistry which is also known as iatrochemistery.
Why and when was alchemy popular?
- People began to look for chemical cures for disease instead of relying on herbs.
- Began to rise when scientists were experiementing on metals
- 17th century
Who is Paracelsus and what was the result of his work?
- A scientist who experimented with chemical treatements
- Inspired, mecical chemists expereimemnted with metals as cures for common illnesses.
How was antimony used as a treatment?
- Small doses promoted sweating, allowing the body to cool down which fitted the idea of purging disease out of the body.
- Large doses promoted vomitting, another type of purging.
What ways of preventing disease stayed the same?
- Believed that there were many other factors that could prevent disease e.g., superstition, prayer etc.
- Cleanliness was still very important and poeple continued to practice regimen sanitatis
- Still believed in miasmata
What ways of preventing disease was different (changed)?
- Believed that there were other factors that could prevent disease e.g., practising moderation, condition at birth etc.
- Syphilis in bath houses - Bathing becomes less fashionable, kept clean by regularly changing their clothes and using a linen cloth.
- Believed there were other factors that could lead to disease e.g., weather etc.
- There were more steps to remove miasma e.g., removing sewage cleaning rubbish (houseowners would get fined if they didnt clean the street infront of your house)
What in medical care stayed the same?
Medical proffessions stayed the same with little change:
➥ Apothecaries and Surgeons:
- Apothecaries continue to mixed remedies (during the medical renaissance)
- Surgeons continue to carry simple operatons (during the medical renaissance)
- They treated patients who were unable to afford physicians
- Education for both increased
➥ Physicians:
- Still trained at universities
- Dyagnosis and treatment was slow to change.
What in medical care was different (changed)?
-
Training courses for physicians changed
➥ some new ideas emerging -
Medical curriculum
➥ new subjects were introduced
〰 iatrochemistry
〰 anatomy -
Doctors were inspired to challenge old teachings and investigate themselves
➥ Hippocratic focus (the practice of scientific discipline) began to popularise
〰 17th century - Dissection legallised
-
More new ingedients for Appthecaries to use
➥ iatrochemistry -
Better access + wide varient of new medical textbooks due to the printing press
➥ If unable to afford medical books people would be allowed to get individual copies of paper called fugitive sheets.
Who is Andrew Vesalius?
- Most famous anatomist in c1500 - c1700
- Studied medicine in Paris (centre of humanist ideas about medicine), 1533
- Went Padua for a time
➥ Worked as a lecturer in surgery
➥ Worked at a very famous university
What did Andrew Vesalius do?
-
1537
➥ first publication - “Six Anatomical Tables”
〰 different parts of body labbeled
〰 languages include Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Arabic
〰 3/6 drawings showed human skeletons which he assembled -
He noted Galen made errors; these included:
➥ human lower jaw = 1 part, not 2
➥ vena cava (the main vein leading out of the heart) ≠ lead to liver
➥ men ≠ -1 ribs than women
➥ human liver ≠ 5 seperate lobes
➥ human breastbone = 3 parts, not 7
