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a level geography > Yr 12 UCAS Superpowers > Flashcards

Yr 12 UCAS Superpowers Flashcards

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1
Q

Superpower definition

A

a nation or group of nations with a leading position in international politics

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2
Q

what are the economic characteristics of a superpower

A

High GDP and high levels of trade, influence over global trade
Home to TNCs
Hard currency held in reserve by other countries

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3
Q

what are the political characteristics of a superpower

A

Permanent seat on the UN Security Council together with powerful allies
Many multilateral agreements

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4
Q

what are the military characteristics of a superpower

A

Exporters of technology
Unparalleled intelligence networks
Could command global military control
High expenditure

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5
Q

what are the cultural characteristics of a superpower

A

long standing tradition and rich cultural history of way life of way of life voluntarily enjoyed by many around the world such as music and fashion

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6
Q

what are the demographic characteristics of a superpower

A

Significant percentage of global population
Attracts skilled migrants and other workers

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7
Q

what are the access to resources characteristics of a superpower

A

Able to export and control the supply of valuable commodities, or able to secure the resources it needs
On the other hand , multiple resources make a country less dependent on others
Occupying a world location that enables it to command influence

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8
Q

what are the features of soft power

A

History, Culture and Diplomacy

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9
Q

what are the features of hard power

A

military power and economic power

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10
Q

what is the geo strategic theory

A

The world is divided into three components: The World Island (Europe, Asia, Africa), Offshore Islands (British Isles and Japan), Outlying Islands (North South America and Australia), The heartland contains 50% of the world resources

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11
Q

what is colonialism

A

the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country or territory, occupying it with settlers and using its resources for trade and economic gain

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12
Q

what is neo-colonial

A

the use of investment, trade and culture to influence independent countries of direct governance

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13
Q

how has the global pattern of power changed

A

a uni-polar (British Empire) to a bi-polar world (USA vs USSR) then back to a uni-polar world (USA), now its slowly evolving into a multi-power world

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14
Q

what ways do BRICS influence the World economically

A

Economic-only countries which have their economy worth over $1 trillion outside the OECD, however aging pop and slower growth rates

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15
Q

What ways do BRICS influence the world politically

A

due to manufacturing prices decreasing China has become a larger trader than imperial Britain

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16
Q

what ways do BRICS influence the world militarily

A

China spent $143 billion on their military in 2011

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17
Q

what ways do BRICS influence the world culturally

A

unable to have much of an impact due to differing cultures within and a lack of understanding

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18
Q

what ways do BRICS influence the world demographically

A

larger pop led to increase in unis an engineering graduates, china’s pop in 2017 1.4 billion and 34 unis, however dependency ratio increased

19
Q

ways in which BRICS influence the world environmentally

A

3 of the top 4 polluting countries are BRICS

20
Q

what way do G20 influence the world economically

A

little impact

21
Q

what ways do G20 influence the world politically

A

G20 countries have begun to share financial information to help stop tax evasion

22
Q

what ways do G20 influence the world militarily

A

G20 countries don’t always agree, for example in Syria

23
Q

what ways do G20 influence the world culturally

A

indirectly support the spread of globalisation by encouraging trade between countries

24
Q

what ways do G20 influence the world demographically

A

try to get private businesses to invest in infrastructure to help create economic growth, as well as trying to prevent youth unemployment

25
Q

what ways do G20 influence the world environmentally

A

they’ve agreed on a ‘green stimulus package’ which is worth $1.1 trillion, also agreed to tackle and prevent climate change and tackle global health issues

26
Q

what is the modernisation theory

A

used to explain the growth and dominance of the British Empire and the USA, stages include Traditional Society, Conditions for Take Off, Take Off, Drive to Maturity, High Mass consumption, Post- consumer society

27
Q

what is the Dependency Theory

A

That TNC investment in developing countries led to the exploitation of skilled labour and cheap raw materials, as well as creating international debt, poorer countries dont have the means to resist exploitation

28
Q

what is the world system theory

A

suggests that countries are stuck in a permanently underdeveloped state

29
Q

what are the global actions of the four main superpowers

A

crisis response, conflict prevention, climate change mitigation

30
Q

what is NATO

A

the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, committed to defending against military incursion into any other member states, (France, UK, USA)

31
Q

what is the aim of the UN

A

to prevent a recurrence of global conflict, by focusing on establishing fundamental human rights and equal rights for both men and women in all nations, used as a forum for member nations to express opinions

32
Q

what is the UN security council

A

can authorise direct action to resolve conflict, either through economic sanctions, insisting on using the International Court of Justice, or by authorising military intervention

33
Q

what is the international court of justice

A

resolve legal questions and dispute brought to it by UN member states

34
Q

what are the four ways in which superpowers affect the environment

A

landscape scarring, fossil fuels, oil spills, removal of forests for food

35
Q

what is China’s attitude to reducing its environmental impact

A

its use of natural resources is a source of national pride, never want to return to famine, agreement to cut CO2 emissions could limit economic growth, measure to protect the environment have started to be applied, and Chinese companies are now some of the biggest clean energy firms in the world

36
Q

what is the EU’s attitude to reducing its environmental impact

A

Common Agricultural Policy encouraged farmers to grow food intensively, using chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which caused problems such as loss of hedgerows and eutrophication

37
Q

what is Russia’s attitude towards reducing its environmental impact

A

taken a lead in reducing greenhouse emissions by using nanotechnologies, energy efficient laws, and other mandatory changes to energy consumption and production, has a surplus of carbon credits, production and exportation of natural gas provides it a source of political power which has allowed it to manipulate countries on its border

38
Q

what is the USA’s attitude towards reducing its environmental impact

A

remains sceptical about the problems and consequences of climate change

39
Q

what are the key points to talk about for the future of key resources

A

rare earths, food supply, water supply

40
Q

how does counterfeiting affect the relationships between countries

A

can undermine the global system of intellectual property rights and patenting, straining trade relations and TNC investment, damage to brand and potentially endangering consumers can have long-term effects on the revenues of TNCs

41
Q

hat are the ongoing economic problems faced by the EU and USA

A

debt, unemployment, economic restrictions, and social costs

42
Q

what are the economic costs of maintaining global military power

A

Navy, Nuclear deterrent, air power, intelligence

43
Q

what are the causes of insecurity in the Middle East

A

Religion, Resources, Oil and Gas, Governance, Youth, History

a level geography (12 decks)

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