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tectonic hazards fact attacks Flashcards

1
Q

seismic hazards are generated within what distance of the Earth’s surface?

A

700km

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2
Q

what % of earthquakes are found along plate boundaries

A

95%

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3
Q

what % of all earthquakes are found on the ‘Pacific Ring of Fire’

A

70%

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4
Q

how many active volcanoes are their globally

A

1,900

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5
Q

on average, how many volcanoes erupt each year

A

50

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6
Q

volcanoes which form away from plate boundaries are called what

A

Hot spots

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7
Q

which theory is now less accepted as being responsible for plate movement

A

mantle convection

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8
Q

roughly how many years does the Earth’s magnetic field change direction

A

400,000

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9
Q

Harry Hess came up with the hypothesis of what

A

Seafloor spreading

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10
Q

what is the temperature of Earth’s inner core

A

6,000 degrees

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11
Q

mid-ocean ridges extend for over how many kilometres across the world’s ocean floors

A

60,000

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12
Q

how many different types of seismic waves are there

A

3 ( Primary, Secondary, Love)

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13
Q

The Loma Prieta earthquake occurred in which year

A

1989

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14
Q

what was the time and date of the Loma Prieta earthquake

A

17:04 on the 17th October

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15
Q

the cities Marina District, which suffered the worst of the damage was built on what kind of soil

A

soft, sandy soil

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16
Q

what was the death toll of the Loma Prieta earthquake

A

67

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17
Q

what was the magnitude of the Christchurch aftershock in 2011

A

6.3

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18
Q

according to the U.S Geological Survey, what is the chance of another ‘serious’ earthquake striking San Francisco in the next 30 years

A

67%

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19
Q

what was the year of the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake in Iceland

A

2010

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20
Q

how many commercial flights were cancelled during the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake worldwide

A

100,000

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21
Q

what was the daily loss of revenue for Kenyan businesses because of not being able to fly fresh veg and flowers to Europe as a result of the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake?

A

US $1.3 million

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22
Q

how many people worldwide are at risk from hazards caused by volcanoes

A

500 million

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23
Q

what temperature can lava flows reach

A

1170 degrees

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24
Q

what temperature can pyroclastic flows reach

A

700 degrees

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25
what speed can pyroclastic flows reach
100km per hour
26
on what date did the Soufriere Hills Volcano erupt on the island of Monserrat
18th July 1995
27
how many people moved to other countries as a result of the Monserrat volcanic eruption
7,000
28
what speed can tsunamis reach
805km per hour
29
the Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred in what year
2004
30
the floor of the Indian Ocean was thrusted what distance during the Indian Ocean earthquake
15 metres
31
how high was the tsunami wave that struck Banda Ache during the Indian Ocean earthquake
300,000
32
in Thailand, how much money did the tourist industry lose per month. because of the Indian Ocean Tsunami
US$25 million
33
in Sri Lanka, what % of the fishing fleet and industrial infrastructure was lost because of the Indian Ocean Tsunami
60%
34
as a result of the Indian Ocean Tsunami, most vegetation and topsoil were removed over what distance inland
800 metres
35
on what date was the earthquake in Haiti
12th January 2010
36
what was the magnitude of the earthquake in Haiti
7
37
what was the official death toll of the earthquake in Haiti
230,000
38
what was the depth of the earthquake in Haiti
13km
39
the epicentre of the earthquake in Haiti was how many km from the capital Port-au-Prince
24km
40
what is the population of Port-au-Prince in 2010
2 million
41
what % of government officials were killed in the earthquake in Haiti
25%
42
what disease spread in October 2010 as a result of the earthquake in Haiti
cholera
43
By 2015, what was the death toll as a result of the disease outbreak in Haiti
9,000
44
internationally, how much international aid had been donated to Haiti
US$13 billion
45
by 2015, how many people in Haiti were still living in temporary accommodation
80,000
46
what was the date of the earthquake in China
12th May 2008
47
what was the magnitude of the earthquake in China
7.9
48
overall, how many people in China were affected by the earthquake
45.5 million
49
how many children were killed during the earthquake in China as a result of the collapse of school buildings
5335
50
within hours of the earthquake in China, how many soldiers and relief workers had been sent to the affected areas
130,000
51
Temporary homes, roads, and bridges had been built within how many weeks of the earthquake in China
2
52
what led to the failure of strict building codes in China being enforced
Corruption
53
how much money did the Chinese government pledge for rebuilding after the earthquake
US$10 billion
54
on what date was the earthquake in Japan
11th March 2011
55
what was the magnitude of the earthquake in Japan
9
56
what was the official death toll of the earthquake and tsunami in Japan
15,893
57
what was the height reached by the tsunami in Japan
10 metres
58
how many people were forced to evacuate in Japan. as a result of the damage to the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant
47,000
59
what % of buildings in Japan were earthquake proof in 2011
75%
60
what was built in Japan to reduce the vulnerability to tsunamis
10 metre high walls
61
within 24 hours in Japan, how many defence troops had been mobilised
110,000
62
the Bank of Japan offered how much money to other Japanese banks to keep them operating
US$183 billion
63
from how many countries did Japan accept help from after the earthquake
20
64
in 1960, what was the global population
less than 3 billion
65
in 2016, what was the global population
7.3 billion
66
in the 1990s, what was the average economic cost of natural disasters each year
US$20 billion
67
between 2000-2010, what had the average economic cost of natural disasters risen to
US$100 billion
68
a report in 2015 found that out of the most 10 at risk cities in the world, hoe many were there in the Philippines
8
69
in most years ,how many typhoons is the Philippines affected by
15
70
how many volcanoes does the Philippines have
47
71
what % of the population in the Philippines live within 30km of a volcano
30%
72
the Philippines consists of how many islands
7107
73
what was the population of the Philippines in 2015
101 million
74
what % of the population in the Philippines live in poverty
25
75
in 2013, the Philippines was struck by 3 disasters, what were they
earthquake, Typhoon Haiyan and then flooding
76
overall, the three disasters that affected the Philippines in 2013 killed how many people
6488
77
what was the magnitude of the earthquake that struck Nepal in April 2015
7.8
78
the epicentre of the earthquake that struck Nepal was how many km away from the capital, Kathmandu
80km
79
what the death toll of the earthquake that struck Nepal in April 2015b
8633
80
in 2016, where did Nepal rank out of 229 countries for GDP per capita
197th
81
how many aftershocks occurred after the initial earthquake in Nepal
100
82
what was the estimated amount needed for rebuilding work in Nepal as a result of the 2015 earthquake
US$6.6 billion
83
Land-use zoning is used around which volcano in New Zealand
Mount Taranaki
84
The diversion of lava flows was successful in for which volcanic eruption in 1983
Mount etna, Italy
85
in Pakistan, what materials are used to make buildings able to withstand earthquakes
Bales of straw and strong plastic netting
86
in Nepal, why did volunteers travel to remote locations on bicycles in 2015
to collect data using GPS trackers
87
how many times a year do children in ajapan practise earthquake drills
4
88
in response to the earthquake in Pakistan in 2015, NGO's provided how many tents
500,000
89
in 2011, what were the worldwide losses from earthquakes
US$54 billion

a level geography (19 decks)

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