tectonic hazards fact attacks Flashcards
seismic hazards are generated within what distance of the Earth’s surface?
700km
what % of earthquakes are found along plate boundaries
95%
what % of all earthquakes are found on the ‘Pacific Ring of Fire’
70%
how many active volcanoes are their globally
1,900
on average, how many volcanoes erupt each year
50
volcanoes which form away from plate boundaries are called what
Hot spots
which theory is now less accepted as being responsible for plate movement
mantle convection
roughly how many years does the Earth’s magnetic field change direction
400,000
Harry Hess came up with the hypothesis of what
Seafloor spreading
what is the temperature of Earth’s inner core
6,000 degrees
mid-ocean ridges extend for over how many kilometres across the world’s ocean floors
60,000
how many different types of seismic waves are there
3 ( Primary, Secondary, Love)
The Loma Prieta earthquake occurred in which year
1989
what was the time and date of the Loma Prieta earthquake
17:04 on the 17th October
the cities Marina District, which suffered the worst of the damage was built on what kind of soil
soft, sandy soil
what was the death toll of the Loma Prieta earthquake
67
what was the magnitude of the Christchurch aftershock in 2011
6.3
according to the U.S Geological Survey, what is the chance of another ‘serious’ earthquake striking San Francisco in the next 30 years
67%
what was the year of the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake in Iceland
2010
how many commercial flights were cancelled during the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake worldwide
100,000
what was the daily loss of revenue for Kenyan businesses because of not being able to fly fresh veg and flowers to Europe as a result of the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake?
US $1.3 million
how many people worldwide are at risk from hazards caused by volcanoes
500 million
what temperature can lava flows reach
1170 degrees
what temperature can pyroclastic flows reach
700 degrees
what speed can pyroclastic flows reach
100km per hour
on what date did the Soufriere Hills Volcano erupt on the island of Monserrat
18th July 1995
how many people moved to other countries as a result of the Monserrat volcanic eruption
7,000
what speed can tsunamis reach
805km per hour
the Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred in what year
2004
the floor of the Indian Ocean was thrusted what distance during the Indian Ocean earthquake
15 metres
how high was the tsunami wave that struck Banda Ache during the Indian Ocean earthquake
300,000
in Thailand, how much money did the tourist industry lose per month. because of the Indian Ocean Tsunami
US$25 million
in Sri Lanka, what % of the fishing fleet and industrial infrastructure was lost because of the Indian Ocean Tsunami
60%
as a result of the Indian Ocean Tsunami, most vegetation and topsoil were removed over what distance inland
800 metres
on what date was the earthquake in Haiti
12th January 2010
what was the magnitude of the earthquake in Haiti
7
what was the official death toll of the earthquake in Haiti
230,000
what was the depth of the earthquake in Haiti
13km
the epicentre of the earthquake in Haiti was how many km from the capital Port-au-Prince
24km
what is the population of Port-au-Prince in 2010
2 million
what % of government officials were killed in the earthquake in Haiti
25%
what disease spread in October 2010 as a result of the earthquake in Haiti
cholera
By 2015, what was the death toll as a result of the disease outbreak in Haiti
9,000
internationally, how much international aid had been donated to Haiti
US$13 billion
by 2015, how many people in Haiti were still living in temporary accommodation
80,000
what was the date of the earthquake in China
12th May 2008
what was the magnitude of the earthquake in China
7.9
overall, how many people in China were affected by the earthquake
45.5 million
how many children were killed during the earthquake in China as a result of the collapse of school buildings
5335
within hours of the earthquake in China, how many soldiers and relief workers had been sent to the affected areas
130,000
Temporary homes, roads, and bridges had been built within how many weeks of the earthquake in China
2
what led to the failure of strict building codes in China being enforced
Corruption
how much money did the Chinese government pledge for rebuilding after the earthquake
US$10 billion
on what date was the earthquake in Japan
11th March 2011
what was the magnitude of the earthquake in Japan
9
what was the official death toll of the earthquake and tsunami in Japan
15,893
what was the height reached by the tsunami in Japan
10 metres
how many people were forced to evacuate in Japan. as a result of the damage to the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant
47,000
what % of buildings in Japan were earthquake proof in 2011
75%
what was built in Japan to reduce the vulnerability to tsunamis
10 metre high walls
within 24 hours in Japan, how many defence troops had been mobilised
110,000
the Bank of Japan offered how much money to other Japanese banks to keep them operating
US$183 billion
from how many countries did Japan accept help from after the earthquake
20
in 1960, what was the global population
less than 3 billion
in 2016, what was the global population
7.3 billion
in the 1990s, what was the average economic cost of natural disasters each year
US$20 billion
between 2000-2010, what had the average economic cost of natural disasters risen to
US$100 billion
a report in 2015 found that out of the most 10 at risk cities in the world, hoe many were there in the Philippines
8
in most years ,how many typhoons is the Philippines affected by
15
how many volcanoes does the Philippines have
47
what % of the population in the Philippines live within 30km of a volcano
30%
the Philippines consists of how many islands
7107
what was the population of the Philippines in 2015
101 million
what % of the population in the Philippines live in poverty
25
in 2013, the Philippines was struck by 3 disasters, what were they
earthquake, Typhoon Haiyan and then flooding
overall, the three disasters that affected the Philippines in 2013 killed how many people
6488
what was the magnitude of the earthquake that struck Nepal in April 2015
7.8
the epicentre of the earthquake that struck Nepal was how many km away from the capital, Kathmandu
80km
what the death toll of the earthquake that struck Nepal in April 2015b
8633
in 2016, where did Nepal rank out of 229 countries for GDP per capita
197th
how many aftershocks occurred after the initial earthquake in Nepal
100
what was the estimated amount needed for rebuilding work in Nepal as a result of the 2015 earthquake
US$6.6 billion
Land-use zoning is used around which volcano in New Zealand
Mount Taranaki
The diversion of lava flows was successful in for which volcanic eruption in 1983
Mount etna, Italy
in Pakistan, what materials are used to make buildings able to withstand earthquakes
Bales of straw and strong plastic netting
in Nepal, why did volunteers travel to remote locations on bicycles in 2015
to collect data using GPS trackers
how many times a year do children in ajapan practise earthquake drills
4
in response to the earthquake in Pakistan in 2015, NGO’s provided how many tents
500,000
in 2011, what were the worldwide losses from earthquakes
US$54 billion
