Health and Human Rights Flashcards
What is the Happy Planet Index
leading global measure of sustainable well being, created by the NEF (New Economics Foundation) so is reliable, combines the natural environment with the well being of people, doesn’t include a strong economic component
What country has the highest HPI
Costa Rica 64.0
What country has a lower middle HPI
Singapore 39.8
What country has the lowest HPI
Botswana 22.6
What are the positives of using GDP
Straight forward to calculate and allows for easy comparisons to be made
What are negatives of using GDP
measure of wealth only and assumes that its the only way to improve life, and assumes that wealth is equally distributed
What is the Sharia Law
Law of Islam used in Saudi Arabia, Iran and Sudan
What are some examples of laws in the Sharia Law
Theft punishable by amputation of right hand, conversion to non-Islam punishable by DEATH, women cant drive cars
In 2013 how many primary school children are not attending school
59 million
How does education help people
The need for basic hygiene and healthcare, ways to control family size, how to become involved in decision making, their rights in the 21st century world
what continent has the lowest amount of primary school girls out of school
Africa
how much lower is aboriginal life expectancy in Australia
10.6 years lower for men and 9.5 years lower for women
what is the definition of deprivation
a situation of poor diet, housing and healthcare
what is human capital
the skills, knowledge and experience possessed by an organisation or country
what socio economic group has the highest life expectancy and which has the lowest in the UK
professional has the highest and unskilled the lowest
how many physicians per million people are there in Zimbabwe
83
how many physicians per 1,000 people are there in the UK
4
how many people die a year from water borne diseases such as cholera
840,000
what is the life expectancy in Zimbabwe
59.4 years
why is Cuba’s life expectancy the same as the USAs despite its relative poverty
because they invested heavily into their healthcare, water supplies, sanitation and reducing disease
what percent of people in Bulgaria are at risk of poverty
40%
how many American soldiers died in the war in Afghanistan
2,175
how many civilians died in the war in Afghanistan
149,000 estimated
what is an example of successful non-military action to bring about human rights change
UN agencies involvement in the Ivory Coast with annual economic growth rate 9% since 2011
how many people are currently in North Korean Prison Camps under Kim Jong Family
80,000-120,000
what are the conditions like in the prison camps in North Korea
comparable to historic concentration camps, significant number of inmates have died each year since they are subject to torture and inhumane treatment
what can be created when there is a removal of a regime
long term power vacuum, also difficult to reunite and restructure countries after regime change
what percent of girls in Afghanistan are literate compared to the percent of women and what does this suggest about military intervention in 2001
37% girls compared to 19% women shows that military intervention in 2001 was successful in improving human rights for women
what are neo-liberal views in favour of
reduced state intervention, free-market capitalism, freedom for private businesses to trade and earn profits, promoting free trade between countries, deregularising the free market, privatising state assets
what are the drawbacks of IGOs and neoliberalism
rural areas miss out on economic growth and development as it focuses on industrialisation and city centred jobs, focuses on profit and economic growth in expense of the environment
what does the World Bank
Part of the United Nations, lends money to emerging and developing countries to promote development, it funds projects such as roads, hydro-electric power, telecoms and water supply schemes
how has the World Bank helped education
invested over $35 million in educational programmes between 2002 and 2015, helps countries set up early reading assessment systems
how is the World Bank helping the environment
Launches the Climate Change Action Plan in 2016, aims to help developing countries, like India to add 30 gigawatts of renewable energy (enough to power 150 million homes) to the world’s energy capacity, aims to provide early flooding warning systems for 100 million people and develop investment in agriculture for 40 countries
What is the IMF
international monetary fund, promotes global economic stability by intervening in countries that experience economic difficulties, aims to reduce to reduce the risk of market crashes and recessions, role of strengthening weakening currencies and foster stronger economic development policies
how does the IMF reduce poverty
poverty reduction programme, countries required to develop their own medium term-development plans to receive aid, loans and debt relief, working with the Haitian government to make the economy resilient especially after Hurricane Matthew in 2016, also aims to make Haiti an emerging economy by 2030
what does the WTO do
World Trade Organisation, promotes free trade through regulations between countries however these have frequently resulted in environmental degradation e.g in Indonesia where rainforest has been cleared for palm oil production, since the 1950s a series of negotiating rounds have removed barriers to trade although further progress has been limited since the 1990s
how is the WTO aiming to reduce its environmental impact
restrict the international movement of products or species that are potentially harmful or endangered, challenge trade agreements where there may be implications for climate change
what are the UN MDGs
the untied nations development goals, ran from 2000-2015 and aimed to improve the lives of people living in developing countries (especially South Asia and Africa) through global response, they consisted of 8 goals and subsidiary targets
what are some examples of the UN’s MDGs
to halve the proportion of people living on less than $1.25 a day, to halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger, reduce by two thirds the under 5 mortality rate
how were the MDGs successful
the health targeted 20 million deaths between 2000 and 2015, infant mortality in sub-Saharan Africa fell by 53%, the rate of children dying before the age of 5 has fallen from 90 to 43 per 1000 (52% decrease)
what were the drawbacks to the MDGs
only one of the goals (no 7 halving the number of people without safe access to drinking water) has been achieved, only some countries account for a large slice of tis success and can mask more limited progress in parts of South Asia and Africa, all but one MDG focused on poverty reduction rather than wealth creation
what are the SDGs
Sustainable Development Goals, they replaced the MDGs for the period of 2015-2030, 17 global goals that apply to all countries, focus on sustainable development
what are examples of SDGs
clean energy-> renewable, low carbon
decent work-> for a decent wage avoiding exploitation
sustainable cities-> for more than 50% of the world’s population living in urban areas
what is the drawback of the SDGs
they aren’t legally binding
