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a level geography > Health and Human Rights > Flashcards

Health and Human Rights Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Happy Planet Index

A

leading global measure of sustainable well being, created by the NEF (New Economics Foundation) so is reliable, combines the natural environment with the well being of people, doesn’t include a strong economic component

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2
Q

What country has the highest HPI

A

Costa Rica 64.0

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3
Q

What country has a lower middle HPI

A

Singapore 39.8

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4
Q

What country has the lowest HPI

A

Botswana 22.6

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5
Q

What are the positives of using GDP

A

Straight forward to calculate and allows for easy comparisons to be made

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6
Q

What are negatives of using GDP

A

measure of wealth only and assumes that its the only way to improve life, and assumes that wealth is equally distributed

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7
Q

What is the Sharia Law

A

Law of Islam used in Saudi Arabia, Iran and Sudan

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8
Q

What are some examples of laws in the Sharia Law

A

Theft punishable by amputation of right hand, conversion to non-Islam punishable by DEATH, women cant drive cars

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9
Q

In 2013 how many primary school children are not attending school

A

59 million

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10
Q

How does education help people

A

The need for basic hygiene and healthcare, ways to control family size, how to become involved in decision making, their rights in the 21st century world

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11
Q

what continent has the lowest amount of primary school girls out of school

A

Africa

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12
Q

how much lower is aboriginal life expectancy in Australia

A

10.6 years lower for men and 9.5 years lower for women

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13
Q

what is the definition of deprivation

A

a situation of poor diet, housing and healthcare

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14
Q

what is human capital

A

the skills, knowledge and experience possessed by an organisation or country

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15
Q

what socio economic group has the highest life expectancy and which has the lowest in the UK

A

professional has the highest and unskilled the lowest

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16
Q

how many physicians per million people are there in Zimbabwe

A

83

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17
Q

how many physicians per 1,000 people are there in the UK

A

4

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18
Q

how many people die a year from water borne diseases such as cholera

A

840,000

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19
Q

what is the life expectancy in Zimbabwe

A

59.4 years

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20
Q

why is Cuba’s life expectancy the same as the USAs despite its relative poverty

A

because they invested heavily into their healthcare, water supplies, sanitation and reducing disease

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21
Q

what percent of people in Bulgaria are at risk of poverty

A

40%

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22
Q

how many American soldiers died in the war in Afghanistan

A

2,175

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23
Q

how many civilians died in the war in Afghanistan

A

149,000 estimated

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24
Q

what is an example of successful non-military action to bring about human rights change

A

UN agencies involvement in the Ivory Coast with annual economic growth rate 9% since 2011

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25
how many people are currently in North Korean Prison Camps under Kim Jong Family
80,000-120,000
26
what are the conditions like in the prison camps in North Korea
comparable to historic concentration camps, significant number of inmates have died each year since they are subject to torture and inhumane treatment
27
what can be created when there is a removal of a regime
long term power vacuum, also difficult to reunite and restructure countries after regime change
28
what percent of girls in Afghanistan are literate compared to the percent of women and what does this suggest about military intervention in 2001
37% girls compared to 19% women shows that military intervention in 2001 was successful in improving human rights for women
29
what are neo-liberal views in favour of
reduced state intervention, free-market capitalism, freedom for private businesses to trade and earn profits, promoting free trade between countries, deregularising the free market, privatising state assets
30
what are the drawbacks of IGOs and neoliberalism
rural areas miss out on economic growth and development as it focuses on industrialisation and city centred jobs, focuses on profit and economic growth in expense of the environment
31
what does the World Bank do
Part of the United Nations, lends money to emerging and developing countries to promote development, it funds projects such as roads, hydro-electric power, telecoms and water supply schemes
32
how has the World Bank helped education
invested over $35 million in educational programmes between 2002 and 2015, helps countries set up early reading assessment systems
33
how is the World Bank helping the environment
Launches the Climate Change Action Plan in 2016, aims to help developing countries, like India to add 30 gigawatts of renewable energy (enough to power 150 million homes) to the world's energy capacity, aims to provide early flooding warning systems for 100 million people and develop investment in agriculture for 40 countries
34
What is the IMF
international monetary fund, promotes global economic stability by intervening in countries that experience economic difficulties, aims to reduce the risk of market crashes and recessions, role of strengthening weakening currencies and foster stronger economic development policies
35
how does the IMF reduce poverty
poverty reduction programme, countries required to develop their own medium term-development plans to receive aid, loans and debt relief, working with the Haitian government to make the economy resilient especially after Hurricane Matthew in 2016, also aims to make Haiti an emerging economy by 2030
36
what does the WTO do
World Trade Organisation, promotes free trade through regulations between countries however these have frequently resulted in environmental degradation e.g in Indonesia where rainforest has been cleared for palm oil production, since the 1950s a series of negotiating rounds have removed barriers to trade although further progress has been limited since the 1990s
37
how is the WTO aiming to reduce its environmental impact
restrict the international movement of products or species that are potentially harmful or endangered, challenge trade agreements where there may be implications for climate change
38
what are the UN MDGs
the untied nations development goals, ran from 2000-2015 and aimed to improve the lives of people living in developing countries (especially South Asia and Africa) through global response, they consisted of 8 goals and subsidiary targets
39
what are some examples of the UN's MDGs
to halve the proportion of people living on less than $1.25 a day, to halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger, reduce by two thirds the under 5 mortality rate
40
how were the MDGs successful
the health targeted 20 million deaths between 2000 and 2015, infant mortality in sub-Saharan Africa fell by 53%, the rate of children dying before the age of 5 has fallen from 90 to 43 per 1000 (52% decrease)
41
what were the drawbacks to the MDGs
only one of the goals (no 7 halving the number of people without safe access to drinking water) has been achieved, only some countries account for a large slice of tis success and can mask more limited progress in parts of South Asia and Africa, all but one MDG focused on poverty reduction rather than wealth creation
42
what are the SDGs
Sustainable Development Goals, they replaced the MDGs for the period of 2015-2030, 17 global goals that apply to all countries, focus on sustainable development
43
what are examples of SDGs
clean energy-> renewable, low carbon decent work-> for a decent wage avoiding exploitation sustainable cities-> for more than 50% of the world's population living in urban areas
44
what is the drawback of the SDGs
they aren't legally binding
45
what is GDP
total value of goods and services a country produced in a year, reflects a country's economic activity and represents the standard of living
46
what is GNI per capita
the total amount of wealth created by a country, including income from exports, this measure can change considerably over time due to varying currency exchange rates
47
what is the human development index
a soci-economic measure of development, based on GDP, literacy rate and life expectancy
48
what is the world happiness index
considers dystopia as a benchmark against which to make a countries level of social support, generosity, life expectancy, corruption, GDP per capita and freedom to make choices
49
what is the KOF index
measures the strength of links between countries, using an economic, social and political criteria
50
what is the freedom index
considers political rights, civil liberties and freedom status
51
what are the factors which affect human well being
environmental quality, health, life expectancy, human rights
52
what are the factors which affect variations in the developed world
differences in lifestyle, differences in deprivation, cost and effectiveness of healthcare
53
what percent of Australia's population do indigenous people make up
3%
54
how much higher in infant mortality for Aboriginals in Australia
twice as high
55
what does Brazil give to its population in terms of healthcare
a unified healthcare system which allows citizens to have free healthcare
56
how much did the free healthcare system cost Australia in 2013
$1471 per capita, 4.4% of their GDP
57
what proportion of Brazilians have private healthcare
1/4
58
how much have free prescriptions cost the UK
$3102 per person
59
how many members are there in UNESCO
195
60
how many UNESCO world heritage sites were there in 2016
31
61
what is the UDHR
the universal declaration of human rights, sets out fundamental human rights
62
what are two good things about the UDHR
Broad range of social, economic and environmental factors, guidance for countries
63
name two bad things about the UDHR
open to interpretation and not legally binding
64
what does the European convention on human rights do
European version of the UN convention that can be tailored to European countries
65
What are two good things about the European convention on human rights?
Can go to European court of human rights
66
What are two bad things about the European convention on human rights?
Takes a long time to action sanctions; Undermining of sovereignty
67
What % of UK cases are thrown out by the European court of human rights?
99%
68
What does the Geneva convention do?
Provides the rule of warfare particularly protecting civilians
69
What are two good things about the Geneva convention?
Tries to make war humane; Makes war a professional game
70
What are two bad things about the Geneva convention?
Only going to be obeyed by western countries; Does not tackle terrorist groups
71
When did the UK Human rights act come into place?
1998
72
What does the Human rights act do?
Incorporates Human rights into UK law which can be sanctioned by UK courts
73
what percent of children in Indonesia die before the age of 5
40%
74
what percent of the population in Indonesia think their government is corrupt
91%
75
when were rights given to disabled people in Indonesia
2016
76
what percent of full time workers in Afghanistan are women
2.4%
77
how much money did Cuba lose because of the trade embargo put in place by the US in the 1960s
$685 million a year
78
how much was aid reduced by that went to Malawi because of the high levels of corruption
20%, and the aid that was given was taken directly to those who needed it
79
how many hot meals did Christian aid give to Haiti
237,000
80
how many oil spills were there in Nigeria in 2014
550
81
what indigenous people have been affected by the oil extraction in Nigeria and how
the Ogoni people through damage to farmland, natural resources and fishing areas
82
how much of the Nigerian economy does oil make up
75%
83
how many Ebola management and transit centres were set up by NGOs in the first year of response and how many patients did they deal with
15, and they treated 8500 patients
84
what is an example of geopolitical intervention because of human rights abuses that was not military
boycotts and sanctions against South Africa during its Apartheid era
85
were the boycotts and sanctions against South Africa successful
yes, they led to the dismantle of the Apartheid system in the 1990s and led to the release of Nelson Mandela

a level geography (20 decks)

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