Yeha but how !

Question 1

dysplasia

Answer 1

disordered growth

Question 2

very severe dysplasia

Answer 2

carcinoma insitu; hasnt breached basememnt membrane

Question 3

why neoplastic cells keep proliferating

Answer 3

abnormal expression of oncogenes
inactivation of tumour suppressor genes

Question 4

gene whihc inhibits apoptosis

Answer 4

BCL-2

Question 5

Telomerase

Answer 5

prevents shortening

Question 6

telomeres

Answer 6

repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome
Normal cells undergo telomeric shortening with each cell division
This restricts number of cell division cycles

Question 7

tumour uppressor genes

Answer 7

tp53 whichi encodes for p53
inhibit neoplastic growth

Question 8

caretaker gene role

Answer 8

repair dna damage

Question 9

gatekeeper gene role

Answer 9

stop damaged cells from dividng

Question 10

p53

Answer 10

has gatekeeper and caretaker role
most frequently mutated gene in cancer

Question 11

oncogene

Answer 11

gene which drives neoplastic behaviour

Question 12

diploid

Answer 12

nomrla amount of dna , two copies of each chromosome

Question 13

polyploidy

Answer 13

exact multiples of diploid state

Question 14

aneuploidy

Answer 14

inexact multiples,

Question 15

carcinogen

Answer 15

environmental ganet which participates in causing tumours

Question 16

where do carcinogens act

Answer 16

dna of the cels

Question 17

which checkpoint is p53 at

Answer 17

g2-m

Question 18

EBV

Answer 18

type of herpes virus
causes glandular fever

Question 19

BRCAI, BRCA2

Answer 19

breast and ovarian cancer gene

Question 20

what is c-myc

Answer 20

stimulates proliferation

Question 21

what is a major proliferator protein in k=burkitts

Answer 21

c-myc

Question 22

what does EBV have a hgih assoc with

Answer 22

burkitts lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Post transplant lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 23

what does hep b and c have a high assoc with

Answer 23

hepatocellular carcinoma