cancer Flashcards
neoplasia
new growth
tumour
swelling
maligannt
ablity to invade and metastise
benigng
doesnt have malignant ability
differentiation
The extent to which neoplastic tissues resemble their corresponding normal tissue of origin
Nuclear pleomorphism
variability in nuclear size/shape
benigng features
well differentiated
close resemblance
Cohesive and expansile masses
Localised
Don’t metastasise
Usually slow growth
May be encapsulated
malignant
anaplastic features
poorer differentiation
Invasive
Penetrate organ walls / tissues / epithelial surfaces
Next to metastases, invasiveness is the most reliable feature that differentiates malignant from benign tumours
grade
Well differentiated = low grade / grade 1
Moderately differentiated = intermediate / grade 2
Poorly differentiated = high grade / grade 3
stage
extent of spread
dysplasia
confined within basement membrane
circinoma in situ
features of malignancy but WITHOUT invasion
benign of glandular
adenoma
benign non glandular
papilloma
benign tumour of squamous epithelium of skin
squamous cell papilloma
benign tumour of glandular epithelium of colon
colonic adenoma
smooth muscle benign
leiomyoma
skeletal muscle benign
rhabdomyoma
adipose benign
lipoma
blood vessel benign
haemangioma
bone benign
osteoma
cartilage benign
chondroma
fibrous benign
fibroma
malignant drived from glandular
adenocarcinoma
malignant derived from non glandular
carcinoma
maligannt smooth muscle
leiomyosarcoma
adipose malignant
liposarcoma
skeletal muscle malignant
rhabdomyosarcoma
teratoma
contains all three germ layers
may contain several tissue types, hair muscle bone etc
lymphoma
malignancy of b or t cell origin
myeloma
malignancy of plasma cells
leukamia
malignancy of white blood cells , begin in bone marrow
melanoma
malignancy of melanocytes
