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Year 9 End Of Year Geog Revision - SHHS > Year 9 - Topic 2 - Weather Hazards > Flashcards

Year 9 - Topic 2 - Weather Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the water cycle

A
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2
Q

Explain convectional rainfall

A
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3
Q

Explain relief rainfall

A
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4
Q

Explain frontal rainfall

A
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5
Q

Describe cirrus clouds

A

Ice crystals

Thin

Wispy

Bad Weather

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6
Q

Describe cumulus clouds

A

Fluffy

Short, heavy showers

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7
Q

Describe stratus clouds

A

Covers sky

Light drizzle

Dull clouds

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8
Q

What is an air mass?

A

A huge block of air moving over the earth. It can be warm or cold, wet or dry depending on where it comes from

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9
Q

What is a dry air mass called and why is it dry?

A

If an air mass travels over land it brings dry conditions and is called a continental air mass

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10
Q

What is a wet air mass called and why is it wet?

A

If an air mass travels over the sea, it brings wet conditions and is called a maritime air mass

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11
Q

What is a cold air mass called and why is it cold?

A

If an air mass travels from the polar regions it brings cold weather and is simply called polar

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12
Q

What is a VERY cold air mass called and why is it VERY cold?

A

If an air mass travels from the arctic, it brings very cold weather and is simply called arctic

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13
Q

What is a warm air mass called and why is it warm?

A

If it travels from tropical regions it brings warm weather and is simply called tropical

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14
Q

What does Polar Maritime mean?

A

Cold and wet

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15
Q

What does Arctic Maritime mean?

A

Very cold and wet

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16
Q

What does Polar Continental mean?

A

Cold and dry

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17
Q

What does Tropical Maritime mean?

A

Warm and wet

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18
Q

What does Tropical Continental mean?

A

Warm and Dry

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19
Q

How are hurricanes formed?

A
  1. The sun heats up the ocean to 27°C
  2. The warm ocean heats the rising air above
  3. Rising warm air evaporates and starts to spin
  4. The air then cool and condenses to form clouds
  5. More air is sucked in, causing very strong winds to form
20
Q

What were the social effects of Hurricane Katrina (around New Orleans, USA, in 2005)?

A

286 people died

346,000 homes were destroyed in New York

Supermarkets ran out of essentials

21
Q

What were the economic effects of Hurricane Katrina (around New Orleans, USA, in 2005)?

A

$71 billion of damage

18,000 flights cancelled

Businesses lost out when NYC marathon was cancelled

Crop losses

22
Q

What were the environmental effects of Hurricane Katrina (around New Orleans, USA, in 2005)?

A

70% of crops such as bananas and maize were destroyed in the south of Haiti

10m of beach was lost in New Jersey, exposing coast to more erosion

23
Q

When do droughts occur?

A

Droughts occur when a long period of abnormally dry weather leads to a severe water shortage

24
Q

What are the five causes of droughts?

A

Animals overgrazing

Limited periods of rainfall

Geographical location

Over-cultivation of land

Deforestation

25
Q

How do animals overgrazing cause droughts?

A

Animals overgrazing the land exhausts the soil

26
Q

How do limited periods of rainfall cause droughts?

A

They make the land abnormally drier than usual due to climate change

27
Q

How does a country’s geographical location cause droughts?

A

Some countries are located in high pressure belts that receive limited rainfall e.g. the Sahel region of Africa

28
Q

What is over-cultivation of land?

A

This means the land is continuously used to grow crops and never has time to recover

29
Q

How does deforestation cause droughts?

A

Cutting down too many trees means the soil is unable to hold much moisture. This dries out the soil

30
Q

What is an effects of droughts?

A

The soil becomes too dry to replant crops, which can lead to economic losses as crops cannot be sold, or famine as people are unable to eat

31
Q

What are some responses from droughts?

A

People educate others on how to prevent infection at times of water shortage

Charities donate money and equipment

People switch to crops that don’t require much water

People leave land to recover between cultivating crops

32
Q

What is a wildfire?

A

A wildfire is a large, uncontrolled fire that spreads quickly over shrub or forest land

33
Q

What are physical (natural) causes of wildfires?

A

Lightning strikes

High temperatures combined with periods of no rainfall

34
Q

What are human causes of wildfires?

A

Careless disposal of BBQs

Not putting out campfires

35
Q

What are the effects of wildfires?

A

People have to be relocated as homes were destroyed by fires

Some industries are effected (e.g. wine industries as vineyards are destroyed)

Huge costs are spent trying to put out fires

Cost to rebuild damaged buildings

Animals harmed

36
Q

What are the responses of wildfires?

A

People cut back shrubs and create natural breaks in vegetation to prevent fires spreading

People keep fuels away from sources of ignition

People educate popualtion on safely putting out fires

People warn others when risk of fire is high

People evacuate those in danger

‘Smoke Jumpers’ parachute into remote areas to provide support before emergency crews arrive

37
Q

What is climate change?

A

Climate change is the long-term changes in our weather patterns

38
Q

What is The Greenhouse (and Enhanced Greenhouse) effect?

A
39
Q

What are two causes of climate change?

A

Cars and factories (burning fossil fuels to power cars and generate electricity releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere)

Deforestation (trees are cut down as populations increase. Trees take in CO2 so removing trees means less CO2 is removed from the air

40
Q

What are the impacts of climate change?

A

Melting ice caps

Rising sea levels and coastal flooding

Drought

Increasing conflict

Loss of jobs and income

Poverty in areas reliant on farming

41
Q

What is condensation?

A

Water changing from a gas to a liquid

42
Q

What is convection?

A

When the sun heats the ground, warm air rises upwards, it cools as it sinks - this is a convection current

43
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Water changing from a liquid to a gas

44
Q

What is a hurricane?

A

A tropical storm that brings heavy rain and strong winds (75mph+)

45
Q

What is precipitation?

A

Water falling from the sky as rain, sleet, hail, snow etc.

46
Q
A

Year 9 End Of Year Geog Revision - SHHS (7 decks)

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