Year 7 - Topic 1 - Introduction to Geography Flashcards
What are the three different types of Geography?
Physical Geography - This is a type of Geography that studies natural things around you e.g. volcanoes, coasts and rivers
Human Geography - This is a type of Geography that studies people and society e.g. population, tourism and poverty
Environmental Geography - This is a type of Geography that studies the interaction between people and the environment e.g. global warming, pollution and deforestation
What are the four different types of maps?
Political Map - shows countries boundaries and their cities. It does not show any physical features
Physical Map - shows natural features of the environment e.g. mountains and rivers
Road Map - shows major and minor roads and some points of interest such as parks and campsites
Ordnance Survey Maps (OS) - they show the height of the land (contours), main roads and key attractions using map symbols
What does latitude and longitude mean?
Lines of latitude and longitude are used to locate places accurately on the Earth’s surface
What does latitude mean?
Latitude tells us how far North or South somewhere is from the Equator
What does longitude mean?
Longitude tells us how far East or West somewhere is from the Prime Meridian
How would you calculate the latitude and longitude of a place?
First work out the latitude (how far N/S of the Equator the place is). Then work out the longitude (how far E/W of the prime meridian the place is) e.g. New York is 40° North, 75° West
Why are compasses useful?
A compass helps give direction (North, East, South, West, North East etc.)
How do you do four figure grid references?
- Circle the bottom left corner of the square you need to give the grid references for
- Go along the corridor to find the easting (these become your first two numbers)
- Go up the stairs to find the northings (these become your last two numbers)
e. g. (07, 39)
How do you do six figure grid references?
- Circle the bottom left corner of the square you need to give the grid references for
- Go along the corridor to find the eastings (these become your first two numbers)
- Go up the stairs to find the northings (these become your 4th and 5th numbers)
- Imagine a grid over the square - how many squares along is the map symbol? This is your 3rd number. How many square up is the map symbol? This is your 6th number
e. g. (073, 397)
Why do Ordnance Survey (OS) Maps use a range of map symbols?
This is because the map would be too crowded if we wrote everything on
What are contour lines?
Contour lines are brown lines on a map that are joined together by spot heights that are equal in height. Every contour line has numbers on them. These tell us the exact height above the ground and is measured in metres (m)
Why are there scales on maps?
A scale tells us how ‘zoomed out’ a map is. It tells us what the distance on a map means in real life
e.g. 1: 25,000 means 1cm on a map = 25,000cm in real life so 1cm=250m or 1/4km
How do you measure the distance using a scale?
Measure the distance using a ruler or string. If you used a bit of string, measure the string to get a distance in cm. Now multiply that distance by the map scale and convert that to metres or kilometres
What is a sketch map?
A roughly drawn map that shows only basic details. They include all the main features e.g. roads, rivers and buildings
What is a field sketch?
A drawing produced to help support a field study. Field sketching aims to grasp both the human and physical aspects of a particular landscape.
