Year 8 - Topic 1 - Population and Urban Issues Flashcards
What is the world’s population?
It is currently approximately 7.5 billion. Population was increasing steadily overtime, until the year 1800, when it then started to rapidly increase.
Why has the human population increased rapidly over time ever since 1800?
It is mainly linked to improved quality of life after the Industrial Revolution and improvements in medicines and vaccinations to prevent many deaths.
What has increased global population resulted in?
It has resulted in more megacities. As countries start to develop (improve and make money), economic opportunities open up in the cities, which makes more people move to the cities. This is called rural to urban migration (urbanisation)
What is a population pyramid and what does it show?
A population pyramid shows us the population structure in a country. That means how many males and females there are in each age group. This will tell us whether the majority of a population are young or elderly, and gives us an estimate of the life expectancy in a country (given by the height). The bottom of the pyramid tells us how many babies are born (the wider it is, the higher the birth rate)
Name six reasons why some countries have a rapidly growing population
Improved medical care Migration Tradition for large families Advances in technology Religious beliefs Improvements in infant medical care
Why do high income countries (rich countries) usually have an ageing population?
Advanced medical care
Vaccinations against disease
Healthy diets
What did China’s government do in 1979 to try to decrease the speed of population increase?
They introduced the One Child Policy. This meant that couples could only have one child (there were exceptions for those who lived in rural areas). If the rules were broken, couples would be penalised with a big fine or they could lose their job
What did Sweden’s government do to try to increase the birth rate of their ageing population?
They introduced a range of benefits to encourage people to have more children e.g. fathers can have 13 months off work at 80% of pay when they have a baby
What is emigration?
The movement of people OUT of a country
What is immigration?
The movement of people INTO a country
What is net migration?
The difference between emigration and immigration
Why would people want to leave their country? (Push Factors)
Unemployment A lack of services or amenities Poor safety and security Concerns about high crime rates Crop failure Drought Flooding Poverty War
Why would people want to go to another country? (Pull Factors)
Potential for employment Better service provision A safer atmosphere Low crime rates Fertile land Good food suppliers Less risk of natural hazards Greater wealth or affluence Political security A more attractive climate A more attractive quality of life
What does birth rate mean?
The number of births per 1000 of the population
What does death rate mean?
The number of deaths per 1000 of the population
