Year 10 GCSE 4.1 And 4.2 Revision

Question 1

Igneous rocks

Answer 1

Rocks formed by magma cooling and are the oldest rocks around. Usually hard and impermeable

Question 2

Sedimentary rocks

Answer 2

These rocks are formed by erosion and skeletons falling on top of each other and compacting until they are solid

Question 3

Metamorphic rocks

Answer 3

Formed by igneous and metamorphic rocks be changed when under intense heat and pressure usually during volcanic activity

Question 4

Highlands landscape

Answer 4

Above tees exe line in north west
Lake district
Lots of igneous and metamorphic rock such as quartz and granite
200-500m above sea level
Lots of mountain ranges

Question 5

Lowlands landscape

Answer 5

Below tees exe line in the south east
Chitin hills
Lots of sedimentary rock such as chalk and clay
Closer to sea level 100m>

Question 6

3 natural processes that shaped the UK

Answer 6

Tectonic process
Glaciation
Geology

Question 7

Tectonic processes

Answer 7

The UK was where Antarctica was 500mil years ago, back then the UK was in separate parts which were slowly moving together. When they collided, volcanos occurred forming mountains.

Question 8

Geology

Answer 8

300mil years ago, the UK was under the tropics. During this time, many skeletons of fish fell to the sea floor. Over time, the skeletons began to pile up crushing the fish beneath them turning them into rock. This formed layers of strata.

Question 9

Glaciation

Answer 9

10 000 years ago the UK was in an ice age which brought glaciers to the pennines. As these glaciers moved, they eroded valleys, making the deeper and wider, forming U-shaped valleys and corries. When they melted they left misfit streams and waterfalls.

Question 10

Name 3 weathering processes

Answer 10

Mechanical weathering
Chemical weathering
Biological weathering

Question 11

Weathering processes in the highlands

Answer 11

Mechanical weathering such as freeze thaw occurs lots here due to the high altitudes causing low temperatures. Water flows into the cracks of rocks and freezes overnight expanding by 10%. After the cycle is repeated over and over again, the rocks are forced loose.

Question 12

Weathering processes in the lowlands

Answer 12

Chemical weathering occurs here because of the abundance of limestone. When water vapour is in the atmosphere it dissolves carbon dioxide and becomes slightly acidic. When this rain falls it dissolves the calcium carbonate in the limestone, eroding it.

Biological weathering occurs here as roots from plants force their way into the cracks of rocks and put pressure on them. After continuous cycles they break down the structure of the rock

Question 13

Human processes that have changed the UKs landscape

Answer 13

Agriculture
Deforestation/afforestation
Settlements

Question 14

Agriculture in the highlands

Answer 14

Sheep farming is very common in the highlands and the sheep cause huge changes in the environment. The sheep eat all the shrubs and saplings which stop forests from growing. The lack of trees due to the sheep can cause flooding.

Question 15

Agriculture in the lowlands

Answer 15

Due to the flatter land and the abundance of fertile floodplains, farmers here usually either grow cops or farm dairy.

Question 16

Deforestation/afforestation in the highlands

Answer 16

Sheep have stopped the forests from growing so there is huge economic value in afforestation projects in the highlands

Question 17

Deforestation/ afforestation in the lowlands

Answer 17

Forests are cut down to make space for all the cities and farms in the lowlands. Since there is mostly sedimentary rock which is not a stable building material, wood is primarily used in construction so further trees are cut down. Hedgerows are planted to separate fields.

Question 18

Settlements in the highlands

Answer 18

Farmers lived in longhouses which had both the house and the barn attached. This led to spread out and isolated settlements and little to no villages

Question 19

Settlement in the lowlands

Answer 19

European angles settled in the lowlands and created villages and towns such as cambridge. Because most famers grow crops, villages would form around fertile areas such as flood plains.