Y5 - Cutaneous fungal infection (incl. dermatophytosis, pityriasis versicolor)

Question 1

def of D

Answer 1

a superficial fungal infection with variable presentation depending on site

Question 2

what are dermatophytes

Answer 2

fungal organisms which require keratin for growth

Question 3

where can dermatophytes cause infection

Answer 3

in the hair, skin, and nails

Question 4

how are dermatophytes spread

Answer 4

direct contact

Question 5

what is the most common organism causing D

Answer 5

Tinea pedis

• most common superficial fungal infection
• 70% of adults

Question 6

what is the most common superficial fungal infection

Answer 6

tinea pedis

Question 7

what is onychomycosis

Answer 7

a superficial fungal infection affecting the nails

Question 8

who does tinea capitis commonly affect

Answer 8

pre-adolescent children

Question 9

who does tinea cruris commonly affect

Answer 9

adolescents and adult men

Question 10

what are individuals with tinea barbae infection likely to have been in contact with

Answer 10

infected farm animals

Question 11

what are anthropophilic organisms

Answer 11

spread from one person to another

Question 12

what are geophilic organisms

Answer 12

spread from soil to humans

Question 13

what are zoophilic organisms

Answer 13

spread from animals to humans

Question 14

aetiology of D

Answer 14

the skins normal mechanism of protection (dryness and shedding of cells) may be interrupted by trauma, irritation, or maceration

Question 15

host factors of D

Answer 15

genetic susceptibility (atopy)
immunosuppression

Question 16

local factors of D

Answer 16

sweating
occlusion
occupational exposure

Question 17

what bacteria normally infects the nail

Answer 17

tinea unguium

Question 18

signs and symptoms of D

Answer 18

RFs
Hx of skin, hair, or nail lesion
skin discomfort
scalp lesions or alopecia
red, scaling lesions of beard, moustache, limbs

Question 19

what causes scalp lesions and alopecia

Answer 19

tinea capitis

Question 20

what are RFs for D

Answer 20

exposure to infected people, animals, or soil
chronic corticosteroid use
hot weather
obesity
hyperhidrosis

Question 21

investigations

Answer 21

potassium hydroxide microscopy

-hyphae (branching, rod-shaped filaments or uniform width with septa)

Question 22

management for tinea capitis infection

Answer 22

systemic antifungal therapy
-griseofulvin for >2yrs
-terbinafine for >4yrs
antifungal shampoo
-selenium sulfide topical

Question 23

management for tinea barbae, tinea manuum, or Majocchi’s granuloma

Answer 23

• griseofulvin

- terbinafine

Question 24

management for tinea faciale, tinea corporis, or tinea pedis

Answer 24

topical allylamine antifungal therapy

-terbinafine

Question 25

management for tinea unguium

Answer 25

systemic terbinafine therapy | -terbinafine

Question 26

complications of D

Answer 26

kerion | -painful boggy scalp mass due to untreated tinea capitis

Question 27

prognosis of D

Answer 27

good | -onychomycosis is most difficult to treat

Question 28

def of PV

Answer 28

a common superficial fungal infection of the stratum corneum

Question 29

what is pityriasis versicolor also known as

Answer 29

tinea versicolor

Question 30

what causes PV

Answer 30

a change to the mycelial state of dimorphic yeasts of the genus malassezia

Question 31

what does PV cause

Answer 31

hypo or hyperpigmented coalescing scaly macules on the trunk and upper arms

Question 32

when is PV most common

Answer 32

in the summer months

Question 33

epi of PV

Answer 33

common | adolescents and young adults

Question 34

aetiology

Answer 34

a superficial fungal infection resulting from a change in the mycelial state of dimorphic lipophilic yeasts of the genus malassezia which colonise the stratum corneum and are normal skin flora

Question 35

where are yeasts of malassezia commonly found

Answer 35

in rich sebaceous liquids

Question 36

what are the most common malassezia species in PV

Answer 36

M globosa | M sympodialis

Question 37

is PV contagious

Answer 37

no

Question 38

what characterises PV

Answer 38

altered pigmentatin

Question 39

signs and symptoms of PV

Answer 39

RFs - asymptomatic - dyspigmentation - flat macules or patches - more common over areas of high density sebaceous glands

Question 40

what are RFs of PV

Answer 40

adolescence/young adults greasy skin hyperhidrosis corticosteroid use

Question 41

what is more common hypo or hyperpigmentation

Answer 41

hypopigmentation

Question 42

what is common with hyperpigmented lesions

Answer 42

pityriasiform scale

Question 43

investigations of PV

Answer 43

microscopy exam with KOH preparation | -short hyphae and budding yeast with spaghetti and meatballs appearance

Question 44

management of PV

Answer 44

pyrithione zinc topical with UV light

Question 45

complications of PV

Answer 45

dyschromia | -pigmentary abnormalities as treatment can take up to 6 weeks to resolve

Question 46

prognosis

Answer 46

disease will persist if untreated