Y5 - Cutaneous autoimmune disease (incl. alopecia areata, vitiligo)

Question 1

def of AA

Answer 1

common autoimmune condition whereby inflammatory cells target the hair follicle

Question 2

epi of AA

Answer 2

common in children and young adults

Question 3

aetiology of AA

Answer 3

unknown

Question 4

what does alopecia totalis mean

Answer 4

total loss of scalp hair

Question 5

what does alopecia universalis mean

Answer 5

loss of hair across entire scalp and body

Question 6

signs and symptoms of AA

Answer 6

patchy hair loss

hair is more narrow or weak at the proximal end and more blunt and broken at the distal end

Question 7

what is the positive hair-pull test

Answer 7

> 5 hairs is a positive pull test

Question 8

RFs of AA

Answer 8

other autoimmune conditions

Question 9

investigations of AA

Answer 9

clinical diagnosis

Question 10

management for limited hair loss

Answer 10

topical corticosteroid for children
-clobetasol
topical minoxidil for children and adults who do not want intralesional steroids
intralesional corticosteroid for adults
-triamcinolone acetonide

Question 11

management for xtensive hair loss

Answer 11

topical immunotherapy

• DNCB
• DPCP
• SADBE

Question 12

complications of AA

Answer 12

topical minoxidil-induced skin irritation and hypertrichosis

Question 13

what is hypertrichosis

Answer 13

excessive hair growth

Question 14

prognosis of AA

Answer 14

a relapsing and remitting disease

Question 15

def of V

Answer 15

acquired loff of melanocytes in a circumscribed area of epidermis which results in complete depigmentation of affected skin

Question 16

epi of V

Answer 16

common disorder

young adult

Question 17

aetiology of V

Answer 17

T-cell mediated destruction of melanocytes which leads to loss of melanin production and pigmentation of overlying keratinocytes

Question 18

signs and symptoms of V

Answer 18

RFs
acral and periorificial depigmentation
Hx of recent cutaneous trauma

Question 19

what are RFs for V

Answer 19

<30 yrs
FHx/other autoimmune diseases
autoimmune thyroid disease

Question 20

what naevi is found far more commonly in patients

Answer 20

halo naevus

Question 21

investigations

Answer 21

clinical diagnosis

Question 22

management for limited V

Answer 22

topical corticosteroid and or tacrolimus

• clobetasol topical
• tacrolimus topical

Question 23

management for widespread V

Answer 23

phototherapy +/- topical or oral corticosteroid or topical tacrolimus

• phototherapy
• clobetasol topical
• tacrolimus topical

Question 24

complications of V

Answer 24

Koebners phenomenon

photosensitivity (sunburn)

Question 25

what is koebners phenomenon

Answer 25

depigmentation in response to trauma

Question 26

prognosis of V

Answer 26

may slow after an initial phase however complete repigmentation without treatment is rare

Question 27

how long does it normally take for V to improve

Answer 27

1 year

Question 28

what % of patients experience improvement with first line therapies for V

Answer 28

75%