Contact Dermatitis Flashcards

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1
Q

def

A

allergic or irritant skin reaction due to an external agent

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2
Q

epi

A

very common

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3
Q

who is more likely to be sensitive to nickel

A

women (jewellery)

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4
Q

who is more likely to be sensitive to chromate

A

men (occupational exposure)

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5
Q

what are 3 common causes of allergic contact dermatitis

A

1 nickel sulfate
2 neomycin
3 myroxylon pereirae

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6
Q

what is neomycin

A

a topical aminoglycoside antibiotic

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7
Q

what is myroxylon pereirae

A

AKA as balsam of peru

used in food, drink, perfumes, toiletries for flavouring and fragrance

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8
Q

what are 2 common causes of allergic contact dermatitis in children

A

1 nickel sulfate

2 gold sodium thiosulfate

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9
Q

what is gold sodium thiosulfate found in

A

gold jewellery

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10
Q

what are the two forms of contact dermatitis

A

allergic contact dermatitis

irritant contact dermatitis

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11
Q

what causes irritant contact dermatitis

A

chronic cumulative ICD by water, soaps, solvents

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12
Q

aetiology of irritant contact dermatitis

A

direct toxicity without prior sensitization

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13
Q

aetiology of allergic contact dermatitis

A

delayed hypersensitivity reaction with prior sensitization

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14
Q

risk factors

A

occupation with frequent exposure to water or irritants

atopic dermatitis

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15
Q

how does frequent water cause ICD

A

a compromised epidermal barrier allows easier penetration of irritants and allergens

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16
Q

what is phototoxic dermatitis

A

allergen or irritant is activated by sunlight

17
Q

history

A

common to present with occupational Hx of frequent water exposure +/ history of atopic dermatitis
acute onset of (ICD is minutes, ACD is hours) of itchy, red skin which affects hands and face

18
Q

what symptoms is someone with ICD more likely to present with

A

burning and stinging skin

19
Q

what symptoms is someone with ACD more likely to present with

A

vesicles and bullae (fluid filled sacs on skin)

20
Q

which hand may be more affected in ICD

A

the dominant hand

21
Q

investigations

A

1 patch testing is gold standard (specific and sensitive)
2 skin biopsy (patch testing)
ICD - variable
ACD - spongiosis, vesiculation, epidermal hyperplasia in chronic ACD

22
Q

what is spongiosis

A

intracellular oedema