Y2 Session 9 - Maternal Health Flashcards
What is good sexual health?
Physical, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. It requires a respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships. Having pleasurable and safe experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence.
How do we prevent poor sexual health?
Use of contraception, HPV immunisation and HIV prevention as well as education.
What is the most common STI?
HPV, this can increase risk of cervical cancer, chlamydia is higher in younger age groups.
What is non-volitional sex?
Sex without consent, often done by someone you know and victims tend to be women and often this is not reported.
What is folic acid recommended for during pregnancy?
Before conception and around 12 weeks of pregnancy to reduce the chance of neural tube defects like spina bifida.
Why is vitamin D recommended for during pregnancy and breast feeding?
Promotes good bone health in the foetus
Why is physical activity good during pregnancy?
It can prevent hypertension, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes and severity of depressive symptoms. Depression can impact bond and change babies attachments.
What is drinking alcohol during pregnancy associated with?
Early miscarriage, premature birth, restricted growth, still birth, cognitive delay and foetal alcohol syndrome.
What are the characteristics of foetal alcohol syndrome?
Small stature, abnormal palmar creases, cardiac defects, joint contractures, cognitive defects and certain facial features e.g. a thin upper lip, small chin, flat face etc.
What can smoking during pregnancy cause?
Premature births, miscarriages, obesity in babies as well as respiratory conditions and low birth weights.
How does the maternal microbiome affect their babies?
There are microbes within the breast milk and on the mother’s breast which can affect the baby’s microbiome. Also, passing out of the vagina and microbiome DNA from the mother.
What are the barriers to females being physically active?
Fear of judgement, lacking in confidence and time.
Why is focussing on women’s physical fitness so important?
Women are at an increased risk of being obese and having dementia. Physical activity can reduce these risks.
What is the clinician bias in MI?
Doctors are more likely to diagnose MIs in men, seeing it as a men’s disease. Therefore, women are less likely to be diagnosed and mortality is therefore higher.
Also, in research, women have often been excluding, so effects on women have not been thoroughly investigated.
Why are women more likely to financially insecure?
There is a gender pay gap of 15.5% as of 2020 and women are often overrepresented in lower paid, lower skilled jobs.
Men often hold more senior jobs, despite women being the majority of the workforce (70% workforce but only 25% of senior roles).
