Y2 Session 8 - Child Health Flashcards
What are dental caries?
When oral bacteria metabolises sugar to produce acid that demineralises enamel and dentin from the hard coating of the tooth. This can cause pain and infection, and can lead to sepsis and death.
How can we prevent dental caries?
Sugar reduction, good oral hygiene.
Population-wide water fluoridation and sugar reduction programme have aimed to help this as it can affect a child’s future health as well as absences from education.
What are the main 5 overarching ACEs, adverse childhood experiences?
- Abuse (physical, sexual, psychological or neglect)
- Witnessing abuse
- Close family member or caregiver who misused drugs or alcohol
- Close family member or caregiver with mental health problems
- Close family member or caregiver who served time in prison
- Experiencing parental separation or divorce on account of relationship breakdown
How might a child be affected in the future by an ACE?
Weak evidence - overweight, diabetes and physical inactivity
Moderate - smoking, alcohol, heart disease, cancer etc.
Strong - mental ill health, sexual risk taking, problematic alcohol use
Very strong - problematic drug use, interpersonal and self-directed violence
What are some tips for lifestyle consultations?
- Be opportunistic
- Be sensitive
- Be Non-judgemental
- Strengths-based approach e.g. tell me about an activity that makes you feel strong - keep positivity
- Focus on barriers for particular importance on child
- Relate to other children
- Engage parents and families
- Specific short-term goal
- Part of a daily routine
MOVING MEDICINE can help tailor consultations.
What are the LEAP criteria?
Activities that are
Local
Enjoyable
And
Practical for families.
What are the 4 tiers of a child’s BMI?
1 - No percentile criteria
- > or equal to 91st centile
- > or equal to 91st centile with co-morbidities/complex needs or > or equal to 99.6th centile
- Not available in children
What is offered to children at each BMI tier?
- Universal prevention, consultation with health professionals and public health approaches.
- Intensive and community based, time-specific with public health approaches
- Specialist MDT, weight management clinics with longer term follow-up
What is an ultradian rhythm?
The rhythm that babies have for sleep that repeats every 24 hours.
What are the two most prominent sleeping conditions in adults?
Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea.
What are the two most prominent sleeping conditions in children and adolescence?
Sleep walking
Night terrors
Sleep paralysis
Nocturnal enuresis
How does ACEs affect children?
- Toxic stress.
Excessive chronic activation of stress response causes system dysregulation that affects a developing brain.
This effects immune system, metabolic regulatory systems and CVR systems. - Epigenetics.
Childhood experiences, good and bad, affect the epigenome and expression of genes, temporarily or permanently. The brain is developing most rapidly in early years so intervention is best early. (At conception you inherit the parents stress)
How do we create a lifestyle medicine prescription?
- Symptom web
- Four pillars
- How? What? When?
- Lifestyle prescription!
Think of the “why” not the “what”
What is a symptom web?
Take these 8 things and classify symptoms and which is the most important in the “why” of symptoms! Prioritise one or two to target
- Exercise
- Environment
- Sunlight
- Genetics
- Stress
- Diet
- Infections
- Sleep
What are the four pillars?
Eat, Sleep, Move, Relax.
Ask how we can change this, what we would change and by when for each pillar and use LEAP in order to change!
