Y2 Session 13 - Power and Politics Flashcards
What is utilitarianism?
The morality of an action is determined by its consequences.
The most happiness and least unhappiness for the largest number of people.
What is social justice?
The idea that everyone should have their fair chance
What are the principles of beauchamp and childress’ taxonomy of medical ethics?
- Justice (fairness)
- Non-maleficence (do no harm)
- Beneficence (do good)
- Autonomy (freedom to act)
What is distributive justice?
Rawls veil of ignorance thought experiment that if you did not know what class you would be born into, you would want society to be fair, and equal opportunities for all.
What is politics?
Politics (big p) relates to parties and philosophy of government.
politics (little p) relates to us gaining or applying power in our local group or organisation
Why do we have a government?
It is meant to protects its citizens from external threats but historically has existed to promote unity and fairness.
What do the labels conservative and liberal mean?
Conservative means more traditional and liberal is the opposite. Centrists are between the two.
What are the two ends of centrists?
At one end is libertarian, believing that the state should not interfere in individual autonomy.
At the other is collectivists where people want equal opportunities, where wealth is re-distributed partially by progressive taxation or wholly by state action.
What is the harm principle?
John Stuart Mill, in his tract “On Liberty” stated
“The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others.”
What are the rungs on the Nuffield Ladder of Bioethics?
- Eliminate choice
- Restrict choice
- Guide choice through disincentives
- Guide choices through incentives
- Guide choices through changing default policy
- Enable choice
- Provide information
- Do nothing or simply monitor
What is power?
The ability to exercise one’s will over others
What is authority?
The ability to influence people and outcomes
What are coalitions?
A group of stakeholders who work together for a shared goal
What is incremental change?
Coalitions of people making gradual change over time often in Politics
What is transformative change?
Fast-paced, deep rooted change.
