Y11 Mock Organisation Flashcards
what are cells
the basic building blocks of all living organisms
what is tissue
a group of cells with a similar structure and function
what is an organ
a combination of tissues carrying out a specific function
what is an organ system
organs work together within an organ system
what is an organism
organs working together
how does the heart pump blood around the body
in a double circulatory system
what does the right ventricle do
pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen
what does the left ventricle do
pumps oxygenated blood around the rest of the body
what do valves do
make sure the blood flows in the right direction and prevent backflow
process of pumping blood steps
blood flows into the two atria from the vena cava and pulmonary vein
atria contract pushing blood into the ventricles
the ventricles contract forcing blood into the pulmonary artery and the aorta and out of the heart
the blood then flows to the organs through arteries and returns through veins
the atria fill again and cycle restarts
what do arteries do
carry blood away from the heart
what do capillaries do
involved in the exchange of materials at the tissue
what do veins do
carry blood to the heart
features of arteries
pump blood at high pressure
strong elastic walls
thick walls compared to lumen
features of capillaries
tiny
carry blood close to every cell
permeable walls
supply food and oxygen and take away co2
one cell thick walls
features of veins
capillaries joined up
low blood pressure
bigger lumen then arteries to aid blood flow
contain valves
what is coronary heart disease
layers of fatty material build up in the coronary arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow which results in a lack of oxygen for the heart
what can coronary heart disease lead to
heart attacks
what are stents
metal mesh tubes that keep arteries open to allow blood to flow through
advantages of stents
lower risk of heart attack
recovery time from surgery is quick
disadvantages of stents
risk of heart attack or infection during procedure
chance that blood clots form near the stent
what are statins
drugs that decreases the levels of LDL cholesterol which could lead to coronary heart disease
advantages of statins
reduce risks of strokes, coronary heart disease, heart attacks
increase levels of HDL cholesterol
disadvantages of statins
inconvenient as need to be taken continuously
can have side effects
may not have immediate effects
what are artificial valves
man made valves to replace stiff or damages valves
advantages of artificial valves
last a long time
disadvantages of artificial valves
constant medication needed to stop blood clotting around the valve
features of the alveoli
air sacs that are surrounded by a capillary network
gas exchange happens here
oxygen diffuses out of the alveolus into the blood
carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli
features of the trachea
connects mouth and bronchi
brings air into the lungs
rings of cartilage prevent it collapsing
features of bronchus
branches off the trachea to bring air into the lungs
supported by rings of cartilage
features of bronchiole
branch off the bronchi
