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Biology > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

which side of the heart is bigger?

A

left

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2
Q

what does the pulmonary artery do?

A

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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3
Q

what side is the pulmonary artery on?

A

right side

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4
Q

what does the aorta do?

A

carries oxygenated blood at a high pressure to the whole body

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5
Q

what does the valve do?

A

prevents backflow

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6
Q

what do the pulmonary veins do?

A

oxygenated blood enters through them

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7
Q

where does the right side supply?

A

the lungs

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8
Q

where does the left side supply?

A

the whole body

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9
Q

what do the coronary arteries do?

A

supply the heart with the oxygen it requires

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10
Q

where does deoxygenated blood enter the right atrium through?

A

the vena cava

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11
Q

where does oxygenated blood enter the left atrium?

A

through the pulmonary vein

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12
Q

how does blood move to a ventricle?

A

through a valve

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13
Q

where does blood travel to the lungs through?

A

the pulmonary artery

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14
Q

where does the blood travel to the whole body through?

A

the aorta

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15
Q

what is a double pump system?

A

where blood is pumped to the lungs by the right side of the heart and blood is pumped to the body by the left side of the heart

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16
Q

which direction do arteries go?

A

away from the heart

17
Q

how is blood carried around the body?

A

blood vessels

18
Q

what type of blood do arteries carry?

A

oxygenated blood at a high pressure

19
Q

what is the lumen?

A

the hole in the middle of the artery

20
Q

what is the lumen lined with?

A

smooth endothelial cells that reduce friction

21
Q

what type of blood do the capillaries carry?

A

oxygenated and deoxygenated

22
Q

what is the structure of capillaries?

A

tiny blood vessels with narrow lumens to slow blood down

23
Q

how do capillaries allow diffusion?

A

small holes in their walls

24
Q

what type of blood do veins carry?

A

deoxygenated blood

25
Q

where do veins carry blood to?

A

from capillaries back to the heart and lungs

26
Q

why is the blood in veins at a low pressure?

A

it has lost its oxygen and left the heart a while ago

27
Q

what are platelets

A

cell fragments essential to blood clotting

28
Q

what are white blood cells

A

cells that defend the body against disease by destroying bacteria

29
Q

what are red blood cells

A

cells that have no nucleus to transport oxygen around the body

30
Q

what is plasma

A

a liquid that transports the other blood components

31
Q

what an be transported by plasma

A

urea
hormones
vitamins
amino acids
antibodies
enzymes
glycerol
protein
water
carbon dioxide

32
Q

what is cardiac output?

A

amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute

33
Q

cardiac output equation

A

heart rate x stroke volume

34
Q

factors that effect heart health

A

diet
exercise
drugs alcohol and smoking

35
Q

coronary heart disease effects on the body

A

narrows the arteries
reduces blood travelling through the coronary arteries
reduces the amount of oxygen to the heart
heart cells die

36
Q

what is coronary heart disease

A

layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries

37
Q

what is a faulty heart valve

A

valves may not fully open or the heart valve may develop a leak

Biology (22 decks)

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