Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Y10 > Y11 Biology C & D > Flashcards

Y11 Biology C & D Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

he directional growth responses made by plants in response to light and gravity are known as ————

A

he directional growth responses made by plants in response to light and gravity are known as tropisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

plants need to be able to grow in response to light, Explain why

A

plants need to be able to grow in response to light, to ensure their leaves can absorb light for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

They also need to be able to grow in response to gravity, explain why.

A

They also need to be able to grow in response to gravity, to ensure that shoots grow upwards and roots grow downwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

shoots show a ———- phototropic response and a ———– geotropic response

choose the correct answer

a. negative / positive
b. positive / negative
c. negative / negative
d. positive / positive

A

shoots show a positive phototropic response and a negative geotropic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A response to light is a —————-and a response to gravity is a —————–(or gravitropism)

A

A response to light is a phototropism and a response to gravity is a geotropism (or gravitropism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

complete the table

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Plants produce plant growth regulators called ———-

A

Plants produce plant growth regulators called auxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the function of auxins in plants? shoots and roots?

A

In the shoots, auxins promote cell elongation (growth); more auxin = more cell elongation = more growth

In the roots, auxins inhibit cell elongation (growth); more auxin = less cell elongation = less growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cordinate and control directional growth responses such as phototropisms and geotropisms

A

auxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

germinating seedling with shoot and root responding differently to the direction of gravity , explain why.

A

In the shoots, the lower side grows faster than upper side (more auxin more cell elongation), so the shoot grows upwards.

In the roots, the lower side grows slower than the upper side (as auxin inhibits cell elongation and growth in roots), so the root grows downwards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The difference in the geotropic response of roots and shoots results from their different sensitivities to ———————

A

The difference in the geotropic response of roots and shoots results from their different sensitivities to auxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the cause of Positive phototropism in plant shoots ?

A

Positive phototropism in plant shoots is a result of auxin accumulating on the shaded side of a shoot. away from direct strong sunlight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the role of auxin in the phototropic response of stems.

OR

Describes the growth of the cut and uncut shoots.

A
  • auxin produced by the shoot tip
  • auxin diffuses down the shoot
  • cells absorb water and elongate equally on all sides – shoot grows straight up
  • auxin produced by the shoot tip and diffuses down shoot
  • auxin causes the cells to absorb more water and so increase
  • light from the side causes the auxin to accumulate on the shaded side and makes these cells grow more, so the shoot grows and curves towards the light ( bends).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

complete the table

and suggest one variable that you should keep the same in the experiment

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give 3 examples of asexual reproduction in animals

A
  1. Binary fission
  2. Budding
  3. Fragmentation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

asexual reproduction in plants is also known as —————-

A

asexual reproduction in plants is also known as vegetative propagation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give 3 examples of plant asexual reproduction

A
  1. Strawberry plant grows new shoots = runners , new plants form and roots grow when the runners touch the ground
  2. Tubers in potato plants, New shoots and roots will grow from the tuber and form a new plant. ( natural)
  3. Onion Buds.
  4. a stem cutting with bud planted in a pot. ( artificial)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

natural methods (illustrated by ———) and by artificial methods (illustrated by ————–)

A

natural methods (illustrated by runners) and by artificial methods (illustrated by cuttings)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

reproduction involving fertilisation - the fusion (joining) of two gametes to form a zygote, producing offspring that are genetically different from each other

A

•sexual reproduction:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

reproduction without gametes (specialised sex cells), involving one parent, producing genetically identical offspring (clones)

A

•asexual reproduction:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

label the diagram

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  1. What are the female gametes?
  2. What are the female reproductive organs of the plant?
  3. What are the male gametes?
  4. What are the male reproductive organs of the plant?
A
  1. What are the female gametes? ovules
  2. What are the female reproductive organs of the plant? ovary
  3. What are the male gametes? pollen grain
  4. What are the male reproductive organs of the plant? Stamens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the how each of the parts of the flower are involved in reproduction

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The male part of the flower is called ——— which consists of

the ———– and ————-

A

The male part of the flower is called stamen which consists of

the anther and filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the plants make pollen in ————-

A

the plants make pollen in anther

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the female part of the flower is called —————

it consists of ———— and —————– and ———-

A

the female part of the flower is called carpel it consists of

stigma , style , overy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pollination is ———————————-

A

Pollination = transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

self-pollination

cross-pollination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What adaptations (special features) do flowers have to encourage pollination by insects?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What adaptations (special features) do wind-pollination flowers have?

A
31
Q

is this a wind-pollinated or wind-pollinated flower?

A

wind-pollinated

32
Q

answer the question

A

B

33
Q

see the attached file

A

Some plants such as strawberry grow side shoots called runners that contain tiny plantlets on them . These will grow roots and develop into separate plants, again being genetically identical to the parent plant.

34
Q

see the attached file

A

The stems of plants normally have buds which can be used to produce new plants. A small part of stem with buds on it is removed by making a cut with a sharp knife,

The lower end of stem cutting is buried in the moist soil and watered everyday. After a few days, the cutting develops roots. The bud grows and produces a new plant. we can produce many new plants from just one plant quickly, without waiting for flowers and seeds.

35
Q

Plants can reproduce asexually using ———-and ———- -, producing new plants which are genetically ———— to the parent plant:

A

Plants can reproduce asexually using bulbs and tubers;, producing new plants which are genetically identical to the parent plant:

36
Q

answer the question

A

C

37
Q

answer the question

A

B

38
Q

which structure of the flower surrounds the pollen tube?

A

style

39
Q

The pollen tube enters the ovule through a small hole called the —————

A

The pollen tube enters the ovule through a small hole called the micropyle

40
Q

In plants, the ovary contains one or more ————

The ovules are the structures that eventually develop into ———–

Each ovule contains an ————–

An ovum is an egg cell that contains the female ———— that a male pollen nucleus can fuse with

In plants, fertilisation occurs when the ————– fuses with the ——————-

A

In plants, the ovary contains one or more ovules

The ovules are the structures that eventually develop into seeds

Each ovule contains an ovum

An ovum is an egg cell that contains the female nucleus that a male pollen nucleus can fuse with

In plants, fertilisation occurs when the pollen grain nucleus fuses with the ovum nucleus

41
Q

in order to reach the ovum nucleus, the pollen grain grows a —————

A

in order to reach the ovum nucleus, the pollen grain grows a pollen tube

42
Q

label the diagram

A
43
Q

what happens to the flower following fertilisation?

A

petals, stigma, style, anther and filaments —> all drop off

ovary–> fruite

fertilised ovule –> seeds

ovule wall –> seed coat (testa)

44
Q

answer the question

A

3 and 4

45
Q

in aggregated fruits each fruitlet is one ovary

T/F

A

True

46
Q

example of aggregate fruite

example of simple ftuite

A

example of aggregate fruite –> raspberry / strawberry

example of simple ftuite —> pea fruit

47
Q

seeds are fertilised ovules

T/F

A

T

48
Q

Each seed contains a tiny, undeveloped plant called an ………………

A

Each seed contains a tiny, undeveloped plant called an embryo

49
Q

label the diagram

A
50
Q

label this part of the tomato fruite

A

stigma

51
Q

seeds develope are not identical to parent plant

explain why

A

from a pollen ( cross-pollination)

fertilising / male and female gamets / zygot / embryo /

new plant

52
Q

germination is ——–

A

growth of a new plant from a seed

53
Q

label the diagram

A
54
Q

steps of germination

A
  1. •seed takes in water and swells
  2. •testa (seed coat) splits
  3. •radicle starts to grow
  4. •radicle and plumule continue to grow
  5. •plumule (cotyledons and first leaves) emerge above ground
  6. •testa (seed coat) falls off
  7. •first leaves spread out
  8. •shoot and roots continue to grow
  9. •cotyledons may fall off)
55
Q

how germinating seeds utilise food reserves until the seedling can carry out photosynthesis

A

The cotyledons contain food reserves that supply the young seedling with food (and, therefore, energy for growth) when the seed starts to germinate

The cotyledons fulfil this role until the young plant grows its own leaves and becomes capable of making its own food via photosynthesis

56
Q

label the diagram

A
57
Q

The first emerging shoot is called —————

and the first emerging root is called ———-

A

The first emerging shoot is called plumule

and the first emerging root is called radicle

58
Q

which part divides into cells that then develop into the embryo plant?

A

zygot

59
Q

in the Conditions required for germination experiment

what is the

dependent variable

change variable

control variable

A

cahnge : We are changing the abiotic conditions in which the seeds are germinating

DV = We will record how many seeds in each test tube germinate

control = We will control the temperature for tubes A, B and C. We will also control the type of water used (i.e. sterile water, which is made by first boiling then cooling water)

60
Q

why the following is required for germination?

water

oxygen

warmth

A

oxygen for respiration . the seed starts to grow

Water : The seeds absorb the moisture and swells up. Moisture helps in activation of enzymes that promotes seed germination.

warmth : to speed up the chemical reactions that take place in the seed.

61
Q

which seed will germinate?

A

B

62
Q
A
63
Q

A protective sheath that covers the first leaves of a cereal seedling

A

coleoptile

64
Q

Plant hormone involved in tropisms and other growth responses

A

auxin

65
Q

embryonic root of a plant

A

radicle

66
Q

in a moving clnostats roots of beans will grow

a. downwards
b. straight out horizontally

explain why

A

b. straight out horizontally

the continuously changing direction of the gravitational stimulus actong on the seeds of the moving clinostat cancels out the geotropic response.

67
Q

movement of auxin is thought to take place by

a diffusion

b. active transport

c osmisis

d mass flow in the phloem

A

a. diffusion

68
Q

in the process of asexual plant growing new cells are produced by mitosis

T/F

A

T

69
Q

how to produce new potato plants ?

A

potato tubers form underground at the ends of branches from main stem . each potato can produce new plant from the eyes ( buds)

70
Q

how to produce a new onion plant?

A

some plants such as onion can produce bulbs which are basis of leaves.

containing buds that can produce a new plant

71
Q

mention 2 advantages of asexual reproduciton in plants and 2 disadvantages

A

advantages

  1. faster than sexual reproduction and larger population
  2. same plant wil show same characteristic ( identical) specially for crops.

disadvantage

  1. limited genetic variation
  2. disease can affect the whole plant population
72
Q

advantages and disadvantages of secual reproduction in plants

A

advantages:

  1. increased gernetic variation
  2. less diseases

disadvantages

  1. takes time and energy to find mates
73
Q

question in page 184

the graph

A
74
Q

explain the difference between pollination and fertilisation

A

pollination is the transfer of the pollin grain to the stigma

fertilisation is to tranfer the nucleus of the pollen grain to the ovum nucleus to form a zygote

Biology Y10 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions