XXX Education - Ethnicity - XXX Flashcards
Who are the highest achieving group in society?
Chinese (80% A* to C 2013) and Indian (78%)
Who are the lowest achieving group in society?
Gypsy (15%(, Black Caribbean (52%) and Pakistani (55%).
What is white British achievement?
60% A* to C
What are the 6 consequences of material deprivation?
(external factors)
- lack of space
- lack of resources
- cost of free schooling
- bullying
- nutrition/diet
- transport.
What is the percentages of groups in poverty?
White - 20% Indians and Black Caribbean - 30% Black Africans - 50% Pakistanis - 60% Bangladeshi's - 70%
What 4 points did Flaherty (2004) say about ethnic minority groups and external factors?
- Pakistani’s and Bangladeshi’s are 3X more likely to be in poorest 5th of society.
- Unemployment is 3X higher for African, Bangladeshi and Pakistani’s than for whites.
- 15% of ethnic minority households are overcrowded (2% for white).
- Ethnic minority workers are more likely to be in shift work.
What are some examples how external factors affect children in education? (4)
- can’t afford transport for child to get to school so have to go to local school where there may be more racism.
- Less money/resources for cost of free schooling may lead to stigma therefore attitude to education may be worse - also may need part time job which takes time from education.
- lack of space can affect concentration for school work at home and may have less sleep.
- parent may not be around, leads to lack of discipline, less help with homework, parent’s evening - help with housework and care of younger children.
What evidence is there for the argument that class does NOT over-ride ethnicity?
Indian and Chinese pupils who are materially deprived still do better than most.
- in 2011, 86% of Chinese girls on free school meals got 5 or more high grade GCSE’s compared to 60% of white girls NOT on free school meals.
What examples are there of racism in wider society?
Noon (1993) - identical job enquiries with different names, ‘Evans’ and ‘Patel’.
- companies more interested in white sounding name (explains ethnic unemployment).
What is cultural deprivation theory?
Under-achievement is the result of inadequate socialisation at home.
What are the arguments for intellectual and linguistic skills affecting achievement?
+ Bereiter and Engelmann: language spoken by low income, black American families is inadequate for educational success.
+ those who do not speak English at home will be held back.
- Heidi Safia Mirza notes Indian pupils do very well despite often not having English as their home language.
What is the argument explaining why Asian pupils do so well?
- Pryce says they are more resistant to racism than black Caribbean cultures - due to different effects of colonialism.
- Driver and Ballard say Asian family structures as beneficial for education as parents are more ambitious and supportive.
- Lupton sees Asian family structures as similar to school - improves educational success (Bowles and Gintis?)
What are criticisms of the cultural deprivation theories?
- Driver says they ignore positive effects of ethnicity e.g. black mothers provide positive role models for girls.
- Lawrence argues they under-achievement because of racism, not culture.
- Keddie says cultural deprivation theories are victim blaming - culture to different, not deprived, schools are ethnocentric.
What do critics say about compensatory education and what do they suggest instead?
See it as attempt to impose dominant white culture on children who already have coherent culture.
2 alternatives:
- multicultural education
- anti-racist education.
What percentage of ethnic minorities go to uni compared to white pupils?
80% of ethnic minorities compared to 68% of white pupils.
